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Gross Anatomy 1 > Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula

A

The glenoid cavity

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2
Q

What areas of the scapula are on either side of the spine

A

The supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa

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3
Q

What is the flattened area of the spine of the scapula called

A

The acromion

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4
Q

Where is the bicipital groove located on the humerus

A

On the anterior surface in between the greater and lesser tubercles

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5
Q

What 3 muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
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6
Q

Name the 5 muscles that attach to the clavicle

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Subclavius
  3. Pectoralis major
  4. Trapezius
  5. Sternocleidomastoid
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7
Q

Where does the pectoralis major attach from and to

A

Clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, sternum TO the outer lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

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8
Q

Name the 3 functions of the pectoralis major

A
  1. Flexion of the arm
  2. Adduction of the arm
  3. Medial rotation of the humerus
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9
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major

A

Medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5-C7) pectoral nerves from the medial and later cords of the brachial plexus

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10
Q

What movement is performed when when a muscle crosses the anterior (posterior) surface of a joint

A

Flexion (extension)

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11
Q

What movement is performed when when a muscle crosses the outer (inner) surface of a joint

A

Adduction (abduction)

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12
Q

Where does the pectoralis minor attach from and to

A

3rd, 4th and 5th ribs TO the coracoid process of the scapula

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13
Q

Name the 2 functions of the pectoralis minor

A
  1. Can pull the shoulder anteriorly and inferiorly (stabilises the scapula)
  2. Can elevate the ribs (only in forced inspiration)
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14
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor

A

Medial (C8-T1) pectoral nerve from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

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15
Q

Where does the serratus anterior attach from and to

A

Outer surface of the upper 8 ribs TO the medial border of the scapula

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16
Q

What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle

A

Protraction of the scapula (happens as you reach for something)

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) of the brachial plexus

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18
Q

Where does the trapezius attach from and to

A

Superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of C7-T12 TO the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

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19
Q

What does the ascending part (1), the transverse part (2), and the descending part (3) of the trapezius muscle do

A
  1. Depresses the scapula
  2. Retracts the scapula
  3. Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity
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20
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle

A

Spinal accessory nerve, CN XI (motor) and the cervical plexus, C3-C4 (pain)

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21
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi attach from and to

A

Ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, and the spinous processes of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae TO the floor of the bicipital groove of the humerus

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22
Q

What are the 3 functions of the latissimus dorsi

A

Extension, medial rotation and adduction of the arm

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C6-C8)

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24
Q

Where does the levator scapulae attach from and to

A

Transverse processes of the first 4 cervical vertebrae TO the medial scapular border between the superior angle and medial end of the scapular spine

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25
Q

What are the functions of the levator scapulae

A
  1. Control scapular position
  2. Elevates the shoulder (with the trapezius)
  3. Laterally flexes the neck to the same side
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26
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C3, C4, C5)

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27
Q

Where does the rhomboid major attach from and to

A

2-5 thoracic vertebrae TO the medial border of the scapula

28
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor attach from and to

A

Nuchal ligament and the C7 and T1 vertebrae TO the medial end of the spine of the scapula

29
Q

Where does the deltoid attach from and to

A

Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula TO the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

30
Q

What is the function of the middle fibres (1), posterior fibres (2) and anterior fibres (3) of the deltoid

A
  1. Abduction of the arm from 10 degrees to 110 degrees
  2. Extension and lateral rotation of arm
  3. Flexion and medial rotation of arm
31
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

32
Q

What vein passes through the delto-pectoral groove

A

The cephalic vein

33
Q

Where does the teres major attach from and to

A

Lateral border of the scapula TO the medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

34
Q

What are the 2 functions of the teres major

A

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm

35
Q

What is the innervation of the teres major

A

Subscapular branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (lower C5-C6)

36
Q

What is the innervation of the teres major

A

Subscapular branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (lower C5-C6); lower subscapular nerve

37
Q

Where does the subclavius attach from and to

A

The sternal end of the 1st rib TO the middle 1/3 of the inferior edge of the clavicle

38
Q

What is the function of the subclavius

A

It draws the clavicle inferiorly and anteriorly

39
Q

What is the innervation of the subclavius

A

The nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)

40
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles

A

They help to keep the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity of the scapula; prevents dislocation

41
Q

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
  4. Teres minor
42
Q

Where does the subscapularis attach from and to

A

The subscapular fossa (anterior surface) TO the lesser tubercle of the humerus

43
Q

What is the function of the subscapularis

A

Medially rotates the arm

44
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

45
Q

Where does the supraspinatus attach from and to

A

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula TO the greater tubercle of the humerus (upper facet)

46
Q

Where does the supraspinatus attach from and to

A

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula TO the greater tubercle of the humerus (upper facet)

47
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

48
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

49
Q

Where does the infraspinatus attach from and to

A

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)

50
Q

What is the function of the infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

51
Q

What is the innervation of the infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

52
Q

Where does the teres minor attach from and to

A

Upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula TO the greater tubercle of the humerus (lower facet)

53
Q

What is the function of the teres minor

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

54
Q

What is the innervation of the teres minor

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6) branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

55
Q

What 3 ligaments are attaching at the lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

Superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

56
Q

What ligament attaches at the greater tubercle of the humerus

A

Coracohumeral ligament

57
Q

What ligament attaches in between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus; what is its function

A

Transverse humeral ligament; holds the biceps tendon in place

58
Q

What is a snyovial bursae

A

A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane

59
Q

What 4 ligaments are associated with the clavicle

A
  1. Acromioclavicular
  2. Coracoclvicular
  3. Anterior sternoclavicular
  4. Posterior sternoclavicular
60
Q

What are the forms of the coracoclvicular ligament

A
  1. Trapezoid

2. Conoid

61
Q

Name the 4 main arterial branches that supply the scapula

A
  1. Suprascapular
  2. Circumflex scapular
  3. Dorsal scapular
  4. Subscapular
62
Q

What 2 arteries wrap around the neck of the humerus

A
  1. Anterior circumflex humeral artery

2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery

63
Q

Name the 2 spaces within the axillary space

A
  1. Quadrangular

2. Triangular

64
Q

What 2 structures head through the quadrangular space

A
  1. Axillary nerve

2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery

65
Q

What 2 structures head through the triangular space

A
  1. Radial nerve

2. Profunda brachii artery

Gross Anatomy 1 (18 decks)

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