Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint Flashcards
Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula
The glenoid cavity
What areas of the scapula are on either side of the spine
The supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa
What is the flattened area of the spine of the scapula called
The acromion
Where is the bicipital groove located on the humerus
On the anterior surface in between the greater and lesser tubercles
What 3 muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
Name the 5 muscles that attach to the clavicle
- Deltoid
- Subclavius
- Pectoralis major
- Trapezius
- Sternocleidomastoid
Where does the pectoralis major attach from and to
Clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, sternum TO the outer lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
Name the 3 functions of the pectoralis major
- Flexion of the arm
- Adduction of the arm
- Medial rotation of the humerus
What is the innervation of the pectoralis major
Medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5-C7) pectoral nerves from the medial and later cords of the brachial plexus
What movement is performed when when a muscle crosses the anterior (posterior) surface of a joint
Flexion (extension)
What movement is performed when when a muscle crosses the outer (inner) surface of a joint
Adduction (abduction)
Where does the pectoralis minor attach from and to
3rd, 4th and 5th ribs TO the coracoid process of the scapula
Name the 2 functions of the pectoralis minor
- Can pull the shoulder anteriorly and inferiorly (stabilises the scapula)
- Can elevate the ribs (only in forced inspiration)
What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor
Medial (C8-T1) pectoral nerve from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Where does the serratus anterior attach from and to
Outer surface of the upper 8 ribs TO the medial border of the scapula
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle
Protraction of the scapula (happens as you reach for something)
What is the innervation of the serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) of the brachial plexus
Where does the trapezius attach from and to
Superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of C7-T12 TO the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
What does the ascending part (1), the transverse part (2), and the descending part (3) of the trapezius muscle do
- Depresses the scapula
- Retracts the scapula
- Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity
What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle
Spinal accessory nerve, CN XI (motor) and the cervical plexus, C3-C4 (pain)
Where does the latissimus dorsi attach from and to
Ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, and the spinous processes of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae TO the floor of the bicipital groove of the humerus
What are the 3 functions of the latissimus dorsi
Extension, medial rotation and adduction of the arm
What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C6-C8)
Where does the levator scapulae attach from and to
Transverse processes of the first 4 cervical vertebrae TO the medial scapular border between the superior angle and medial end of the scapular spine
What are the functions of the levator scapulae
- Control scapular position
- Elevates the shoulder (with the trapezius)
- Laterally flexes the neck to the same side
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve (C3, C4, C5)
Where does the rhomboid major attach from and to
2-5 thoracic vertebrae TO the medial border of the scapula
Where does the rhomboid minor attach from and to
Nuchal ligament and the C7 and T1 vertebrae TO the medial end of the spine of the scapula
Where does the deltoid attach from and to
Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula TO the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
What is the function of the middle fibres (1), posterior fibres (2) and anterior fibres (3) of the deltoid
- Abduction of the arm from 10 degrees to 110 degrees
- Extension and lateral rotation of arm
- Flexion and medial rotation of arm
What is the innervation of the deltoid
Axillary nerve (C5, C6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
What vein passes through the delto-pectoral groove
The cephalic vein
Where does the teres major attach from and to
Lateral border of the scapula TO the medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
What are the 2 functions of the teres major
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
What is the innervation of the teres major
Subscapular branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (lower C5-C6)
What is the innervation of the teres major
Subscapular branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (lower C5-C6); lower subscapular nerve
Where does the subclavius attach from and to
The sternal end of the 1st rib TO the middle 1/3 of the inferior edge of the clavicle
What is the function of the subclavius
It draws the clavicle inferiorly and anteriorly
What is the innervation of the subclavius
The nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles
They help to keep the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity of the scapula; prevents dislocation
Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
Where does the subscapularis attach from and to
The subscapular fossa (anterior surface) TO the lesser tubercle of the humerus
What is the function of the subscapularis
Medially rotates the arm
What is the innervation of the subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Where does the supraspinatus attach from and to
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula TO the greater tubercle of the humerus (upper facet)
Where does the supraspinatus attach from and to
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula TO the greater tubercle of the humerus (upper facet)
What is the innervation of the supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
What is the innervation of the supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Where does the infraspinatus attach from and to
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)
What is the function of the infraspinatus
Lateral rotation of the arm
What is the innervation of the infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Where does the teres minor attach from and to
Upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula TO the greater tubercle of the humerus (lower facet)
What is the function of the teres minor
Lateral rotation of the arm
What is the innervation of the teres minor
Axillary nerve (C5, C6) branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
What 3 ligaments are attaching at the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
What ligament attaches at the greater tubercle of the humerus
Coracohumeral ligament
What ligament attaches in between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus; what is its function
Transverse humeral ligament; holds the biceps tendon in place
What is a snyovial bursae
A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane
What 4 ligaments are associated with the clavicle
- Acromioclavicular
- Coracoclvicular
- Anterior sternoclavicular
- Posterior sternoclavicular
What are the forms of the coracoclvicular ligament
- Trapezoid
2. Conoid
Name the 4 main arterial branches that supply the scapula
- Suprascapular
- Circumflex scapular
- Dorsal scapular
- Subscapular
What 2 arteries wrap around the neck of the humerus
- Anterior circumflex humeral artery
2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Name the 2 spaces within the axillary space
- Quadrangular
2. Triangular
What 2 structures head through the quadrangular space
- Axillary nerve
2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery
What 2 structures head through the triangular space
- Radial nerve
2. Profunda brachii artery
