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Gross Anatomy 1 > Anterior and Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

Anterior and Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebra is the superior mediastinum between

A

T1 and T5

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2
Q

What vertebra is the inferior mediastinum between

A

T5 and T9

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3
Q

What vertebra is the sternal angle at

A

T5

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4
Q

What are the 4 boundaries of the anterior mediastinum

A
  1. Body of sternum (anteriorly)
  2. Pericardium (posteriorly)
  3. Transverse thoracic plane (superiorly)
  4. Diaphragm (inferiorly)
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5
Q

What are the 3 main contents of the anterior mediastinum

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Fat
  3. Lymphatics
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6
Q

What anterior mediastinal structure is much larger in children

A

Thymus; turns into fat as you reach adulthood

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7
Q

What 3 structures are within the middle mediastinum

A
  1. Heart
  2. Pericardium
  3. Roots of great vessels
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8
Q

What 3 structures are adjacent to the middle mediastinum

A
  1. Great vessels
  2. Phrenic nerve
  3. Lung root structures
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9
Q

Where does the right phrenic nerve attach to the pericardium

A

Superficial to the right atrium

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10
Q

Where does the left phrenic nerve attach to the pericardium

A

Superficial to the left atrium and ventricle

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11
Q

What is the tunica adventitia of vessels

A

It is the outermost tunica of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media

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12
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium blend with inferiorly

A

It is continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm

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13
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium blend with superiorly

A

Tunica adventitia of the great vessels

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14
Q

Name the layers of the pericardium, starting with the outermost

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Parietal (serous)
  3. Visceral (serous)
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15
Q

Name the space in between the parietal and visceral pericardium

A

The pericardial cavity

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16
Q

Describe the location of the transverse pericardial sinus

A

Posterior to the pulmonary trunk, anterior to the SVC and superior to the atria

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17
Q

What is the oblique pericardial sinus

A

This is the space behind the heart

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18
Q

What are the 6 different sections of the heart

A
  1. Base
  2. Right border
  3. Inferior border
  4. Apex
  5. Left border
  6. Superior border
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19
Q

Describe what portions of the heart are in each of the different sections

A

Base = mainly left atrium
Right border = right atrium
Inferior border = right ventricle
Apex = left ventricle
Left border = left ventricle and left auricle
Superior border = right and left atria, and auricles

20
Q

What runs through the coronary groove

A

Right coronary artery

21
Q

What overlies the interventricular septum on the surface of the heart

A

Anterior interventricular groove

22
Q

What 2 veins creates the SVC

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

23
Q

Where does the ligamentum arteriosum attach to

A

At the superior end, the aorta; at the inferior end, top of the left pulmonary artery

24
Q

What does the ligamentum arteriosum function as

A

Acts as the fibrous connection between the pulmonary trunk and the arch of the aorta

25
Q

What nerve runs posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum

A

Left recurrent laryngeal

26
Q

What are the 4 branches of the right coronary artery

A
  1. SA nodal
  2. AV nodal
  3. Right marginal
  4. Posterior interventricular
27
Q

What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery

A
  1. Circumflex (left marginal)

2. Anterior interventricular (diagonal)

28
Q

What 4 sections of the heart does the right coronary artery supply

A
  1. Right atrium and most of right ventricle
  2. SA and AV nodes
  3. Posterior 1/3 of the IV septum
  4. Part of the left ventricle
29
Q

What 4 sections of the heart does the left coronary artery supply

A
  1. Left atrium and most of left ventricle
  2. AV bundle
  3. Anterior 2/3 of the IV septum
  4. Part of the right ventricle
30
Q

Describe where the cardiac veins drain to

A

All veins drain to the coronary sinus, except the anterior cardiac which drain directly into the right atrium

31
Q

What arteries do they great, middle and small cardiac veins run alongside

A 
Great = anterior interventricular
Middle = posterior interventricular
Small = right marginal
32
Q

Describe the internal structure of the right atrium

A

One side is very muscular (musculi pectinati) and one side is very smooth (sinus venarum)

33
Q

Where is the SA node located

A

Crista terminalis

34
Q

What are the muscular ridges in the ventricular wall called

A

Trabeculae carneae

35
Q

What conducting shortcut is unique to the right ventricle

A

Moderator band

36
Q

Where do the chordae tendinae anchor at

A

The papillary muscles

37
Q

What valve is located between the right atrium and ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

38
Q

Describe the internal structure of the left atrium and auricle

A

Very smooth and thin walled; auricle region has some muscular ridges

39
Q

What valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

40
Q

How many pulmonary veins are flowing into the left atrium

A

Normally 4; 2 left and 2 right

41
Q

What valves are shut at low pressure

A

Semilunar

42
Q

What valves are shut at high pressure

A

Cuspid

43
Q

How are the coronary arteries filled with blood

A

Due to the backflow of blood after the end of systole, as the heart muscle relaxes

44
Q

What stops the cuspid valves from prolapsing

A

Papillary muscles contract as the ventricles do, so there is tension in the chordae tendinae (prevents prolapse)

45
Q

What are the 2 functions of the hearts non-conductive fibrous skeleton

A
  1. Support for valves

2. Electrical insulation between atria and ventricles

46
Q

Where does the SA node receive its innervation from

A

Autonomic innervation from the cardiac plexus (located between the arch of the aorta and the carina)

47
Q

What is the function of the SA node

A

It is the heart’s pacemaker; it depolarises and sets the heart rate

Gross Anatomy 1 (18 decks)

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