Pleura and Lungs Flashcards
What are the 2 divisions of the pulmonary cavity
- Right hemi-thorax
2. Left hemi-thorax
What is the function of a serous membrane
It produces a small amount of fluid to lubricate movement of an organ within the cavity
What is the serous membrane called in the pulmonary cavities
Pleura
What are the 2 different types of pleura
- Parietal pleura
2. Visceral pleura
What does the parietal pleura line and what are the 4 different sections/parts
It lines the pulmonary cavity
- Cervical
- Costal
- Diaphragmatic
- Mediastinal
What does the visceral pleura line
It covers the surface of the lung
What is the pulmonary ligament
Sleeve of pleura that hangs down below the lung root
What is endothoracic fascia and what is its function
It is a layer of connective tissue that attaches the costal parietal pleura to the thoracic wall
What is the suprapleural membrane and where does it attach
It is a tough fibrous membrane that attaches to the 1st rib and the transverse process of C7
What is the function of the suprapleural membrane
It stops the lungs inflating beyond their boundary within the pulmonary cavity
Where will parietal pleura always be in relation to visceral pleura
It will always be 2 ribs below
What is created when parietal pleura extends over the dome of the diaphragm
Costodiaphragmatic recesses
Where are costomediastinal recesses found
Posterior to the sternum
What is the superior section of a lung called
The apex
Name the 3 surfaces of the lungs
- Mediastinal
- Diaphragmatic
- Costal
Name the 3 borders of the lungs
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Inferior
How many lobes does the right lung tend to have, and name them
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
How many lobes does the left lung tend to have, and name them
- Superior
2. Inferior
What is the fissure between the superior and inferior lobes
Oblique fissue
What is the fissure between the superior and middle lobes
Horizontal fissure
What are the 4 main impressions of the posterior section of the right lung
- Cardiac impression (right atrium)
- SVC
- Arch of azygous
- Oesophagus
Name the 3 lobar bronchi of the right hilum
- Superior lobar bronchus
- Middle lobar bronchus
- Inferior lobar bronchus
Where do pulmonary arteries tend to be located in the hilum
Fairly superiorly
Where do pulmonary veins tend to be located in the hilum
Always most anterior and most inferior
What lymph nodes are found in the hilum
Broncho-pulmonary
What are the 3 main impressions of the posterior section of the left lung
- Arch of aorta and the descending aorta
- Cardiac impression (huge)
- Left subclavian artery
What is the lingula
A small projection (anterior and inferior) created because of the left ventricle pushing against the lung
Where does the bronchus tend to be located in the hilum
Posteriorly
Where does the phrenic nerve run in relation to the hilum
Anterior to the hilum
Where does the vagus nerve run in relation to the hilum
Posterior to the hilum and will be closely associated with the oesophagus
What do the right and left bronchi branch into
Lobar bronchi; right has 3, left has 2
Then further into segmental bronchi
How many segments of segmental bronchi does the left lung contain
4 in the superior lobe, and 4 in the inferior lobe
How many segments of segmental bronchi does the right lung contain
3 in the superior lobe, 2 in the middle lobe, and 5 in the inferior lobe
What arises from segmental bronchi
Bronchioles
Name the 3 different bronchioles
- Conducting
- Terminal
- Respiratory (further segmentation)
What arises from respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts with small alveolar sacs which contain the capillary plexus
What lymphatic nodes are located inside the lung tissue
Pulmonary nodes
What nodes are associated with the trachea
Paratracheal nodes
What nodes are located at the carina
- Superior tracheobronchial nodes
2. Inferior tracheobronchial nodes
What nodes are associated with the bronchi
Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes
