Antero-lateral Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What 2 ‘lines’ in the body split the abdominal wall into its 4 quadrants
- Median plane
2. Trans-umbilical plane (IV disc between L3 and L4)
Name the 4 quadrants
- Right and left upper
2. Right and left lower
What 4 ‘lines’ in the body split the abdominal wall into its 9 regions
- Left mid-clavicular
- Right mid-clavicular
- Sub-costal
- Trans-tubercular (of the pelvis)
Name the 9 regions
- Right and left hypochondrium
- Epigastric
- Right and left lumbar
- Umbilical
- Right and left inguinal
- Suprapubic
Name the 5 distinct layers of the abdominal wall
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Muscle and deep fascia
- Extra-peritoneal fascia
- Parietal peritoneum
What is the fascia like that is found above the umbilicus
Similar to that found elsewhere in the body
Name and describe the 2 layer’s of fascia found in the region below the umbilicus
- Superficial (fatty) fascia = Camper’s fascia
2. Deep (membranous) fascia = Scarpa’s fascia
Where does the Camper’s fascia continue over in both males and females
The inguinal ligament and into the fascia of the thigh and perineum
What does the Camper’s fascia contribute to in males
Continues into the fascia of the penis and becomes the dartos fascia of the scrotum
What does the Camper’s fascia contribute to in females
Retains the fatty layer and contributes to the fascia of the labia majora
Where does the Scarpa’s fascia attach to in the abdominal wall
- Pubic symphysis
- Linea alba in the midline
- Colles’ membrane (perineal)
What fascia is formed when the Scarpa’s fascia fuses with the fascia of the thigh
Fascia lata
What 3 structures does the Scarpa’s fascia contribute to in males
- Fascia of the penis
- Dartos fascia of the scrotum
- Fundiform ligament of the penis
What structure does the Scarpa’s fascia contribute to in females
Labia majora
What is the rectus sheath
The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles that covers the rectus abdominis
What is an aponeurosis
A very thin flat tendon
What do the abdominal muscles do during inspiration, and why
They tense to prevent the organs of the abdomen moving anteriorly
Where do the external oblique muscle fibres pass from, and to
They pass from ribs 5-12 to the iliac crest and the linea alba
Where does the aponeurosis of the external obliques stretch from, and to
The xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
What does the lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis form
The inguinal ligament
What nerves innervate the external oblique muscle fibres
The anterior rami of T7-T12
Where do the internal oblique muscle fibres pass from, and to
The thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament and iliac crest TO ribs 9-12
Where does the internal oblique muscle aponeurosis end
The linea alba, pectineal line and pubic crest
What nerves innervate the internal oblique muscle fibres
The anterior rami of T7-L1
Where do the transversus abdominis muscle fibres pass from, and to
The thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12 TO the linea alba, pubic crest and pectineal line
What nerves innervate the transversus abdominis muscle fibres
The anterior rami of T7-L1
Where do the rectus abdominis muscle fibres pass from, and to
The pubic tubercle, crest and symphysis TO the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
What nerves innervate the rectus abdominis muscle fibres
Anterior rami of T7-T12
Where do the pyramidalis muscle fibres pass from, and to
The pubis to the linea alba; anterior to the rectus abdominis
What nerve innervates the pyramidalis muscle fibres
Anterior ramus of T12
What is the peritoneum called that lines viscera
Visceral peritoneum
How many folds are located on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall
3
Name the 3 folds on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall
- Median umbilical ligament
- Medial umbilical ligament
- Lateral umbilical fold
What superficial arteries supply the antero-lateral abdominal wall
- Musculophrenic branch of the internal thoracic artery
2. Superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex of the femoral artery
What are the 2 main superficial veins that drain the antero-lateral abdominal wall
- Thoracoepigastric veins to the axillary vein
2. Superficial epigastric veins to the femoral vein
What are the 5 main deep arteries (or groups) that supply that antero-lateral abdominal wall
- Superior epigastric artery
- Intercostal arteries
- Lumbar arteries
- Deep circumflex iliac artery
- Inferior epigastric artery
What 2 deep nerves innervate the musculature
- Iliohypogastric nerve
2. Ilioinguinal nerve
Where does lymph drain to in the superficial region below the umbilicus
To the superficial inguinal nodes
Where does lymph drain to in the superficial region above the umbilicus
To the anterior and posterior axillary nodes
Where does lymph located deeper in the body travel to
- Para-sternal nodes via the internal thoracic artery
2. External iliac nodes via the external iliac artery
What nerves supply the skin, muscle and parietal peritoneum of the antero-lateral abdominal wall
- T7-T11 (intercostal)
- T12 (subcostal)
- L1 (iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal)
