Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What neurones pass via the dorsal roots

Answer 1

Sensory

Question 2

What neurones pass via the ventral roots

Answer 2

Motor

Question 3

What do two spinal roots create; what does this divide into

Answer 3

A spinal nerve; dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

Question 4

Where do neurones travels to along the dorsal ramus; what fibres does it contain

Answer 4

Posterior body wall; somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic

Question 5

Where do neurones travels to along the ventral ramus; what fibres does it contain

Answer 5

Anterior and lateral body wall, and limbs; somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic

Question 6

What ramus is larger

Answer 6

Ventral

Question 7

Where do basic reflex messages get sorted; what is the whole process called

Answer 7

Within the spinal cord; reflex arc

Question 8

What are the two divisions of the ANS

Answer 8

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 9

What does the ANS supply

Answer 9

Viscera, glands and blood vessels

Question 10

What cranial nerves are part of the parasympathetic division

Answer 10

III, VII, IX and X

Question 11

What outflow does the parasympathetic division contain

Answer 11

Cranial-sacral

Question 12

Where are cell bodies dispersed in the outflow of the sympathetic division

Answer 12

Lateral horn of the spinal cord only between T1 and L1/L2

Question 13

How are sympathetic fibres passed beyond the thorax

Answer 13

Through the sympathetic chain

Question 14

What is the sympathetic chain

Answer 14

A system of paravertebral ganglia that lies either side of the sympathetic body; travels from the cervical to the sacral regions

Question 15

What does the sympathetic chain communicate with; and what does it communicate via

Answer 15

The spinal nerves and with paravertebral ganglia; rami communicantes (white and grey)

Question 16

Describe, briefly, the pathway of sympathetic fibres exiting the lateral horn

Answer 16

Enters a spinal nerve and then into the sympathetic chain via a white ramus communicans

Question 17

Once in the sympathetic chain, where can sympathetic fibres travel to

Answer 17

1. A local plexus

2. Use the chain to ascend or descend to structures outwith the thorax/abdomen

Question 18

How do sympathetic fibres return from the sympathetic chain

Answer 18

They can enter a spinal nerve, of any vertebral level, using a grey ramus communicans

Question 19

How do sympathetic fibres reach the body wall

Answer 19

Via the dorsal and ventral ramus’

Question 20

What is referred pain

Answer 20

Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus

Question 21

Why does pain travel down the upper limb, when pain is associated with the heart

Answer 21

The brachial plexus is associated with with T1; it contains similar nerves

Question 22

What are dermatomes

Answer 22

An expression of where the spinal nerves are

Question 23

What dermatome is the umbilicus in

Answer 23

T10

Question 24

What dermatome is the nipple in

Answer 24

T4

Question 25

What does the enteric nervous system contain

Answer 25

It contains tiny fibres passing through the gut wall itself

Question 26

What does the ENS help regulate

Answer 26

The movement and secretion of the gut tube