Post War architects Flashcards

1
Q

A Finish-born American architect; Notably known for being one of the leaders in a trend
toward exploration and experimentation in American architectural design during the 1950s

A

Eero Saarinen

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2
Q

In 1936, Eero Saarinen’s professional work in the United States began in

A

Flint Institute of Research and
Planning

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3
Q

What are the iconic furniture of Eero Saarinen?

A

Tulip Chair, Womb chair and Pedestal series

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4
Q

Resembles an inverted, flattened parabola; Tallest man-made arch in the world and is constructed using over 900 tons of stainless steel

A

Gateway Arch

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5
Q

One of Saarinen’s two masterpieces of design for aviation; One of the major international airports in the United States

A

Trans World Airlines Flight center

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6
Q

Characterized by its cylindrical shape and conical roof which symbolizes a sense of unity and community. Well-known for its use of natural light.

A

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chapel

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7
Q

The house is known for its iconic flat roof, open-plan design, and seamless integration of the indoors and outdoors

A

J Irwin Miller House

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8
Q

A renowned German architect and structural
engineer known for his pioneering work in
lightweight and tensile structures.

A

Frei Otto

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9
Q

In 2015, Frei Otto received the _________ for his visionary ideas, inquiring mind, belief in freely sharing knowledge and inventions, collaborative spirit, and concern for the careful use of resources.

A

Pritzker Architecture Prize

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10
Q

Located in Mannheim, Germany, the Mannheim Multihalle is a large-scale, timber grid shell structure with a hyperbolic paraboloid shape.

A

Mannheim Multihalle

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11
Q

Built for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, is a landmark in tensile structure design.

A

Munich Olympic Stadium

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12
Q

Frei Otto designed the ____________, a world’s fair held in Montreal, Canada

A

West German Pavilion for Expo 67

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13
Q

A Chinese-American architect; He is most famous of his large, elegantly designed
urban buildings and complexes

A

Ieoh Ming Pei

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14
Q

Ieoh Ming Pei formed his own architectural firm in

A

1955

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15
Q

Ieoh Ming Pei collaborated with the National Defense Research Committee division during

A

World War 2

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16
Q

showcases Islamic art and artifacts; minimalist and geometric approach combined with traditional Islamic design
elements

A

Museum of Islamic Art

17
Q

known for integration with surrounding
landscapes; utilizes natural materials

A

The Miho Museum

18
Q

history and culture of Suzhou, China; an appreciation for Chinese Heritage

A

Suzhou Museum

19
Q

was an Estonian-born American architect based in Philadelphia. One of the United State’s greatest 20th-century architects, known for combining Modernism with the weight and dignity of ancient monuments

A

Louis Kahn

20
Q

Kahn believed in the power of architecture
to create monumental and timeless structures. He sought to design buildings that would endure through the ages, transcending their
immediate function to become lasting works of art.

A

Monumentality

21
Q

Kahn was known for his use of natural
materials, such as concrete, brick, and wood, in their raw and unadorned forms. He believed in expressing the inherent qualities of
materials, allowing them to age gracefully and develop a patina over time.

A

Material Honesty

22
Q

Light was a central element in Kahn’s
designs. He used light not only as a functional aspect but also as a means to create a sense of spirituality and drama in his buildings. He
often employed carefully designed openings, skylights, and light wells to manipulate the play of light and shadow within his spaces

A

Light and Shadow

23
Q

Kahn had a deep understanding of
spatial composition, emphasizing the organization of spaces and volumes in his designs. He believed that architecture should evoke emotional responses and engage the senses through the careful
arrangement of spaces.

A

Spatial Composition

24
Q

Many of Kahn’s designs sought to
integrate the natural environment with the built environment. His buildings often featured courtyards, gardens, and other elements that
connected occupants with nature

A

Integration of Nature

25
Q

Kahn believed that a building’s
structure and function should be expressed honestly in its design. He often left structural elements exposed, showcasing how a building’s form was a direct result of its function and construction

A

Functional Expression

26
Q

Kahn’s concept of “servant” and “served” spaces was central to his design philosophy. Served spaces are the areas where people live, work, and interact, while servant spaces are the areas that support these functions, such as
circulation, mechanical systems, and service areas. Kahn believed in clearly defining and organizing these two types of spaces

A

Servant and Served spaces

27
Q

Kahn sought to create architecture that
transcended specific architectural trends or styles. He aimed for a timeless quality in his designs, believing that architecture should have a lasting impact and relevance.

A

Timelessness

28
Q

While Kahn’s work was often monumental,
he also believed in responding to the specific context of each project. He considered the site, climate, culture, and historical context when
designing his buildings.

A

Contextualism

29
Q

Kahn’s work often conveyed a sense of spirituality and emotional depth. His designs
aimed to evoke a sense of awe and wonder, connecting people with a deeper, more profound experience of space and architecture.

A

Spritual and Emotional Expression

30
Q

The institute is centered around a spacious
courtyard with a long rectangular reflecting pool, symbolizing the meeting of science and nature

A

Salk Institute for Biological Studies

31
Q

Kahn’s design focuses on the skillful manipulation of natural light by cycloid vaults, skylights, and clerestory windows

A

Kimbell Art Museum

32
Q

Widely regarded as one of the most significant architectural achievements of the 20th century

A

National Assembly Building

33
Q

A prominent Brazilian architect known for his pioneering work in modernist architecture. He utilized reinforced concrete and
organic, curved forms in his designs.

A

Oscar Niemeyer

34
Q

Niemeyer’s first solo project was the plan for a complex within Pampulha, Brazil commissioned in 1941 by _____________

A

Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira

35
Q

Completed in 1960, it houses the two
chambers of the Brazilian National Congress: the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. The structure features striking modernist design elements, including two semi-spheres representing the chambers, connected by atower housing administrative offices

A

National Congress of Brazil

36
Q

is a remarkable creation by Oscar Niemeyer. Completed in 1996, the museum is characterized by its saucer-shaped design and
futuristic, spaceship-like appearance.

A

Niteroi Contemporary Art Museum

37
Q

Oscar Niemeyer was one of the architects
involved in the design of the __________, a
symbol of international diplomacy and collaboration. Completed in 1952, the complex is located in Turtle Bay, Manhattan, and comprises several buildings.

A

United Nations Headquarters