HOA quizzes Flashcards
Architect of the two wing expansion of the Louvre Palace, who had taken over and developed the designs of the previous architect who died
Hector Lefuel
Architect of the Royal Courts of Justice who died before its completion
George Edmund Street
Architect of the Paris Opera House
Charles Garnier
Architect of the Reform Club in Pall Mall, London
Charles Barry
Architect of the St. Pancras Hotel and Station Block
George Gilbert Scott
Design that combines features from different sources in an endeavor to achieve original effects
Modernismo
Prevalent in the 19th century during the reign of Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom. It embraced eclecticism in a series of revivalist styles. It is characterized by being modestly ornate with colorful brickworks, towers, turrets, steep gables, and pitched roofs
Victorian architecture
An era in Central Europe during which the middle classes grew in number and the arts began to appeal to their sensibilities. After the defeat of Napolean, the growing urbanization and industrialization leading to a new urban middle class created a new kind of audience for the arts. It has an emphasis on home life for the growing middle class.
Biedermeier Design
Refers to the architectural practice of drawing inspiration from historical architectural styles. This is still prevalent but is more eclectic and experiemental, with some architects creating their own interpretations of historical styles.
Historicism
Rationalist ideas about aesthetics were being challenged by looking at the experiences of beauty and sublimity as non-rational.
Picturesque movement
Characterized by oak frames, clapboard siding, central chimneys with multiple flues so that fire could be lit in multiple rooms on each floor
New England colonial architecture
Characterized by centrally located front door, evenly spaced double-hung windows and simple side-gabled roof
New England colonial architecture
Characterized by gambrel roof based on prototypes in Flanders and Holland
Dutch colonial architecture
Characterized by round logs with protruding ends, from which derived the American log cabin design
Swedish colonial architecture
A cruciform Gothic church enriched with tracery and pinnacles. It has a Germanic openwork spire that is 147m high. Its clearly visible tower served as a goal and orientation marker for pilots. In 1943 WW2 air raids, the church was heavily damaged yet the tower did not collapse.
St. Nikolai Kirche Church
A prodigious building Victorian country house designed for Gregory Gregory, a local squire and businessman. It has boldly modelled façade and ebullient skyline of cupolas, gables and chimney stacks. The exterior is as extraordinary as the Elizabethan houses. The interiors and some of the outbuildings were completed in a spectacular Baroque style.
Harlaxton hall
Planned on a difficult triangular site, and resolves the awkward central angles by skillful devices of projecting bays and blocks. The council chamber and main reception rooms occupy the front of the building, offices and committee rooms taking up the other two sides; all are reached from ring corridor.
Town hall in manchester
One of the last important buildings to be erected in the High Victorian Gothic Style. The courts are arranged about a huge, vaulted Gothic concourse. The design is highly personal to the architect, who executed 3000 drawings by his own hand, in the face of official parsimony, only to die before it was completed.
Royal courts of justice
Noteworthy example of the application of Beaux-Arts principles. Characterized by opulent grandeur. Its interior has an enormous foyer, enriched with gilded sculptures and Baroque elements, with a vaulted painted ceiling from which hang a candelabra. The foyer leads to the magnificent grand staircase, beyond which lie the auditorium and extensive stage area.
Palais Garnier
Began in Britain in the 18th century with new machines and innovative processes that helped change nations from agricultural to industrial ones. It spread to continental Europe and to North America, with factories sprouting all over where coal was available to fuel the engines. Home-based cottage industries became obsolete.
Industrial revolution
Biggest impact in architecture is mass-production of iron and later steel. It became an economically plausible building material & tool. Application of iron, and particularly steel, to architecture greatly expanded the structural capabilities of existing materials and created new ones.
Industrial revolution
Sprouted new building types such as the industrial buildings, warehouses, railways and transport stations, and bridges
Industrial revolution
Characterized by diverse use of historic styles in the 19th century. There is a broad range of styles from before this period architects would choose from. There is also no consensus as to the most desirable style for architects to follow
19th Century European Architecture
A movement that had a stimulated interest in a great variety of architecture. It tackles how aesthetic experience was not just a rational decision, rather it came naturally as a matter of basic human instinct. Rationalist ideas about aesthetics were being challenged by looking at the experiences of beauty and sublimity as non-rational
Picturesque movement
Formerly “The Midland Grand Hotel” an outstanding example of secular Gothic style, blending Italian, French, and Flemish elements in a high Victorian way. It was a showpiece for the Midland Railway Company, providing extensive hotel accommodation as well as the usual booking hall and offices, to be constructed next to their railway station
St. Pancras Hotel and Station Block
Also known as “Vittoriano” or “Altare della Patria” built on the slopes of the Capitol to commemorate the nation’s first king and a unified Italy. It consists of an enormous terraced platform on which stands an equestrian statue of the king, backed by an even larger, slightly concave Corinthian colonnade. It houses also the Museum of the Risorgimento.
Victor Emmanuel II Monument
A church built as a thank-offering following the failed assassination of the Emperor. In Gothic style, heralded by tall, slender western towers with open belfries and crocketed steeples.
Votivkirche
An art gallery that has an unusual trapezoidal plan with exhibition rooms that are arranged around a semicircular courtyard. Designed for the International Exhibition of 1900 with domed pavilions in Neo-Baroque character. Its more restrained Ionic colonnades introduce a Beaux-Arts discipline. It now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts.
Petit Palais
One of the landmarks of Paris that stands with its cluster of white domes on top of Butte Montmartre, a large hill in Paris. It has interior mosaics, stained-glass windows & crypt. Its design reflects Byzantine influence by way of the medieval cathedral of St. Front, Periguex.
Basilica of Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre
This 10-story building is often recognized as the world’s first skyscraper utilizing a metal frame that allowed it to reach a height of 42 meters
Home Insurance Building in Chicago
First skyscraper to have large plate glass windows making up the majority of its surface area, foreshadowing a design feature that would become dominant in 20th century skyscrapers. This building was designed by Charles B Atwood with characteristic projecting bay windows and terra-cotta cladding
Reliance building
A 10-story 41-meter terra-cotta office building in Missouri credited for being the first successful utilization of the steel frame construction. It has terra-cotta panels of ornate foliage reliefs that decorate each floor.
Wainwright Building
Formerly called the Prudential Building, this early skyscraper precedes the Wainright Building as they share many design traits
Guaranty building
Also known as the Chicago Savings Bank Building, this building contains the cornerstone of Chicago as it is the 0-0 degree point of the city. It is distinctively in Chicago School style with its characteristic windows, metal frame construction and terra-cotta cladding
Chicago building
It was designed by Raymond Hood and André Fouilhoux in the Neo-Gothic and Art Deco styles. This landmark skyscraper features black bricks to symbolize coal, and gold bricks to symbolizeg fire. Hood, inspired from visiting Brussels, incorporated golden colors to make the building stand out.
American Radiator building
A cinema-related structure by architect Charles Lee. One of the building’s occupant was film censor Will Hayes, which ironically the building was covered in nude relief figures such as the stone reliefs of full-frontal nude figures holding a film camera, and film crew directing nude figures
Hollywood Western Building
Designed by architects Cassiano Branco and Carlo Florencio Dias, the building’s stone frieze facade is ornamented with a series of tableaus depicting actors performing before a film crew and camera.
Eden Theatro
Designed by architects Sir Owen Williams with firm Ellis and Clarke, the building’s main lobby’s east and west walls sport two gilded murals, “Great Britain” and “The Empire,” by sculptor Eric Aumonier. It has a black vitrolite glass façade and serves as the home of Lord Beaverbrook’s’ newspaper headquarters.
Daily Express Building
Located in Los Angeles notable for its 73-meter tower whose top is sheathed in copper. It employs early considerations of mall design with traditional display windows facing sidewalks, the most appealing entrance placement towards where most of the costumers arrive from, and the city’s first department store porte cochere with valets welcoming the patrons.
Bullocks Wilshire
Art Nouveau movement in Austria
Sezessione
Art Nouveau movement in Spain
Le Moderne Style
Art Nouveau movement in France
Modernismo
Art Nouveau movement in Germany
Jugendstil
Art Nouveau movement in Italy
Stile Floralw
Designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh as his most famous work. The main building has a long ashlar façade dominated by huge, north-facing studio windows with variations of rhythm around a more obviously asymmetrical entrance bay. This strays away from classical definitions of beauty and embodies direct expression of function.
School of Art, Glasgow
Art nouveau shows synthesis of ornament and structure as evident with the use of iron in this townhouse in Brussels. The tensile qualities of iron are extensively exploited for both structure and décor as free-flowing tenril-like forms. These forms are echoed in the mosaic floor and painted wall surfaces of this townhouse.
Hotel Tassel
This infill apartment building in Vienna has an entire façade built of small ceramic tiles that flow into floral shapes as they extend higher up the walls. It emanates the most classic details of Art Nouveau style with its vibrant floral motifs.
Majolikahaus
An exhibition hall for artists and designers of the Art Nouveau movement in Austria designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich. This white cubic building is topped with a distinctive dome of 2,500 gilt wrought-iron laurel leaves.
Secession Building
Designed by Antoni Gaudi as a work of generations, since it is still largely unfinished. Gaudi’s primary goal for its façade is to highlight the three phases in Jesus’ life.
La Sagrada Familia
A church built in Arts and Crafts Gothic Revival Architecture with an elaborate west front of red brick with stone dressings. It is decorated with furnishings and fittings by notable members of the Arts and Crafts Movement, including stained glass by Burne-Jones and metal work by Sedding’s assistant, Henry Wilson
Holy Trinity Church
A church built in Byzantine Revivalist Architecture. In the interior, grey brown brickwork, once impressive in its plainness, is being progressively sheathed with marble and mosaic, as the original architect had intended. Its exterior features red brickwork with stone bands, and a number of cupola-topped turrets, which echo the tall campanile.
Westminister Cathedral
Designed in the South German Rococo style with finely executed Rococo interiors. It is the smallest of the three palaces built by King Ludwig II of Bavaria and the only one which was actually completed. It is sited with delightful formal gardens.
Schloss Linderhof
Designed by Jacques Ignace Hittorf which replaced a small station. The gable of the broad façade follows the line of the train shed’s pitched iron-and-glass roof. The outer pavilions distinguish the arrival and departure of sides of the station. Its architectural detail is of Neo-Classical character but with some disparities in scale. The façade is crowned by the figure of Paris and eight others representing northern European cities.
Gare du Nord
Designed by Paul Wallot built on a scale suitable for its role as a symbol of the second Reich. Its Baroque Classicism, handled with assurance, is a little ponderous in some of the details. The building was gutted by fire in 1933, further damaged in 1945, and restored in the 1960s without the huge glazed dome which had been the climax of its silhouette.
Reichstag Building
A complex of skyscrapers and theaters in New York in the 1930s and was designed by a talented committee of architects and planners. It superbly demonstrates how tall buildings can be seamlessly integrated into the horizontal tangle of the city below. By early 1930, the architects had established the basic setup of the skyscraper: a tall building anchoring the middle of the development, fronted by a plaza, and flanked by shorter buildings around the periphery of the site
Rockefeller Center
An office building in New York City often cited as the epitome of the Art Deco skyscraper with its sunburst- patterned stainless-steel spire that remains one of the most striking features of the Manhattan skyline.
Chrysler Building
This building’s decorative neo-Gothic program adds to its sense of monumentality. On the exterior, ornate sculptural arches, finials, and gargoyles over-scaled enough to be read from street level, refer directly to European medieval architecture and draw the eye towards the heavens in the same manner as a High Gothic cathedral.
Woolworth Building
Often called the “Jewel of Downtown,” it was built at a time when L.A. enforced a height limit of 45 meters, but they made an exception for the glamorous clock tower. It is designed by Claud Beelman.
Eastern Columbia Building
A 102-storey high steel-framed skyscraper that is considered as one of the most distinctive and famous buildings in the United States. It was built in 1931 at 381 meters high courtesy of its iconic spire, originally as a mooring station for airships. It is currently 443 meters high courtesy of the replaced antenna in 1985.
Empire State Building
Architect of the Seagram Building together with Philip Johnson who designed most of the interior spaces
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Architect of the Palace of the Assembly in Chandigarh, India
Le Corbusier
Architect of the Couvent Sainte-Marie de la Tourette built in steeply sloping site near Lyon, France
Le Corbusier
