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HOA 2 > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

In modern history, the process of change from an agrarianand handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing; This process began in Britain in the 18th century and fromthere spread to other parts of the world

A

Industrial Revolution

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2
Q

Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution

A

new basic materials
new energy sources
new machines
new organization of work
transportation and communication
increasing application of science

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3
Q

Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution (non industrial spheres)

A

agricultural improvements
economic changes
political changes
social changes
cultural transformations
psychological change

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4
Q

The Industrial Revolution started in _______ new machines and innovativeprocesses helped change nationsfrom agricultural to industrial ones

A

Britain

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5
Q

what was the biggest impact of the industrial revolution on 19th century architecture?

A

mass production of iron and later steel

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6
Q

Inventions in metallurgy andconstruction, new materialsbecame available for building

A

structural iron and cast iron
iron and glass
zinc
steel

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7
Q

often considered the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution; home to numerous pioneering industrial sites andinnovations, including the Darby family’s ironworks, where techniques for smelting iron were developed

A

The Ironbridge Gorge (Severn River, England)

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8
Q

demonstrated the innovative use of iron inconstruction and marked a technologicaladvancement in materials engineering; it was generally considered the first cast iron bridge

A

The Iron Bridge

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9
Q

Who built The Iron Bridge?

A

Abraham Darby III in 1779

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10
Q

The bridge’s semicircular arch spans ___ meters. The Iron bridge has _ arch ribs, each cast in _ halves

A

30.6; 5; 2

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11
Q

railroad bridge in northern Wales and was designed and built by Robert Stephenson

A

Britannia Bridge

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12
Q

a set of four large cast irons culptures of ___ that were originally installed on the original Britannia Bridge

A

lions

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13
Q

The tubes in Britannia Bridge are now supported by

A

Steel arches

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14
Q

during the repairs, the tubes were replacedby concrete decks for

A

railway and motor traffic

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15
Q

consists of large iron tubes running the length of the bridge, supported by stone piers, this design was revolutionary at the time and allowed for trains to pass through thetubes, protecting them from the harsh coastal weather

A

Tubular bridge

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16
Q

also called Menai Suspension Bridge; suspension bridge spanning the Menai Strait. It was 176 meters long and it was considered ast the first important modern suspension bridge

A

Menai Bridge

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17
Q

Who designed and built Menai Bridge?

A

Thomas Telford

18
Q

412m long with a main span of 214m anda width of 9.4m; stone towers rise 26m above deck level, although similar in size, are of different design, and Brunel’s plan to place sphinx statues on both was omitted

A

Clifton Suspension Bridge

19
Q

Who designed Clifton Suspension Bridge?

A

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

20
Q

completed 1859 which was the lastrailway bridge designed by the Britishengineer Isambard Kingdom Brunelbefore his death; it is 683 meters long

A

Royal Albert Bridge

21
Q

deeply indented estuary of the RiverConwy has long been an obstacle totravelers along the coast of northern Wales

A

Conwy Suspension Bridge

22
Q

Who designed the first bridge across the estuary

A

Thomas Telford

23
Q

It was deisgned by Robert Stephenson in collaboration with William Fairbairn andEaton Hodgkinson

A

Conwy Railway Bridge or Pont Rheilffordd Conwy

24
Q

A giant glass-and-iron exhibition hall; housed the Great Exhibition of 1851

A

Crystal Palace

25
Q

Who designed the Crystal Palace?

A

Sir Joseph Paxton

26
Q

formally Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; botanical garden located at Kew, specializes ingrowing palms and other tropical and subtropical plants. it was built as status symbols in Victorian Britain, several examples of ornate glass and iron greenhouses

A

Palm House

27
Q

Who were the architects of the Palm House

A

Decimus Burton and Richard Turner

28
Q

constructed in “the florid Gothic” style made from cast iron; form resembles that of a cathedral, upon a small scale

A

The Conservatory

29
Q

Who designed The Conservatory?

A

Thomas Hopper

30
Q

one of France’s most remarkableindustrial heritage sites; featuring on the country’s tentative list for world heritageinscription

A

Menier Chocolate Factory

31
Q

Architect who designed aremarkable new mill building forgrinding the cacao seed

A

Jules Saulnier

32
Q

Designer of the enlarged facility under the thirdgeneration of the Menier dynast

A

Stephen Sauvestre

33
Q

French architect and important for his early use of iron frame construction

A

Henri Labrouste

34
Q

a French scholarship for arts students,initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663and was extended to architecture in 1720

A

Gran Priz de Rome

35
Q

built between 1843 and 1850,is still admired for the ttractiveness and restraint of its decoration and for these ensitive use of exposed iron structural elements

A

Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve

36
Q

most important library in France and one of the oldest inthe world, located in Paris

A

Bibliotheque Nationale de France

37
Q

Parisian landmark that is also atechnological masterpiece inbuilding-construction history

A

Eiffel Tower

38
Q

What is the total elevation of the Eiffel tower?

A

324 meters

39
Q

built for the Universal Exposition of 1889; formed a huge glass and metal hall, it wasfree of internal supports

A

The Galerie des Machines

40
Q

Who were the architects of The Galerie des Machines

A

Ferdinand Dutert assisted by Blavette, Deglaneand Eugène Hénard

41
Q

Who were the engineers of The Galerie des Machines

A

Victor Contamin assistedby the engineers Charton andPierron

42
Q
A

HOA 2 (15 decks)

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