Industrial Revolution Flashcards
In modern history, the process of change from an agrarianand handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing; This process began in Britain in the 18th century and fromthere spread to other parts of the world
Industrial Revolution
Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution
new basic materials
new energy sources
new machines
new organization of work
transportation and communication
increasing application of science
Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution (non industrial spheres)
agricultural improvements
economic changes
political changes
social changes
cultural transformations
psychological change
The Industrial Revolution started in _______ new machines and innovativeprocesses helped change nationsfrom agricultural to industrial ones
Britain
what was the biggest impact of the industrial revolution on 19th century architecture?
mass production of iron and later steel
Inventions in metallurgy andconstruction, new materialsbecame available for building
structural iron and cast iron
iron and glass
zinc
steel
often considered the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution; home to numerous pioneering industrial sites andinnovations, including the Darby family’s ironworks, where techniques for smelting iron were developed
The Ironbridge Gorge (Severn River, England)
demonstrated the innovative use of iron inconstruction and marked a technologicaladvancement in materials engineering; it was generally considered the first cast iron bridge
The Iron Bridge
Who built The Iron Bridge?
Abraham Darby III in 1779
The bridge’s semicircular arch spans ___ meters. The Iron bridge has _ arch ribs, each cast in _ halves
30.6; 5; 2
railroad bridge in northern Wales and was designed and built by Robert Stephenson
Britannia Bridge
a set of four large cast irons culptures of ___ that were originally installed on the original Britannia Bridge
lions
The tubes in Britannia Bridge are now supported by
Steel arches
during the repairs, the tubes were replacedby concrete decks for
railway and motor traffic
consists of large iron tubes running the length of the bridge, supported by stone piers, this design was revolutionary at the time and allowed for trains to pass through thetubes, protecting them from the harsh coastal weather
Tubular bridge
also called Menai Suspension Bridge; suspension bridge spanning the Menai Strait. It was 176 meters long and it was considered ast the first important modern suspension bridge
Menai Bridge
Who designed and built Menai Bridge?
Thomas Telford
412m long with a main span of 214m anda width of 9.4m; stone towers rise 26m above deck level, although similar in size, are of different design, and Brunel’s plan to place sphinx statues on both was omitted
Clifton Suspension Bridge
Who designed Clifton Suspension Bridge?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
completed 1859 which was the lastrailway bridge designed by the Britishengineer Isambard Kingdom Brunelbefore his death; it is 683 meters long
Royal Albert Bridge
deeply indented estuary of the RiverConwy has long been an obstacle totravelers along the coast of northern Wales
Conwy Suspension Bridge
Who designed the first bridge across the estuary
Thomas Telford
It was deisgned by Robert Stephenson in collaboration with William Fairbairn andEaton Hodgkinson
Conwy Railway Bridge or Pont Rheilffordd Conwy
A giant glass-and-iron exhibition hall; housed the Great Exhibition of 1851
Crystal Palace
