Post 1850 industrial Britain

Question 1

Working class role in post industrial Britain

Answer 1

Long hours inside factories
Very little wealth status
no social mobility
no disposable income

Question 2

Middle Class role

Answer 2

Factory managers
didn’t own big estates and weren’t born into the aristocracy
many went to public (private) schools
Had more time and money
Threat to the gentry

Question 3

Upper class role

Answer 3

Hereditary land owners
lots of disposable income

Question 4

What was one of the first professional cricket clubs?

Answer 4

Marylebone cricket club

Question 5

Who played amateur sport?

Answer 5

Rich upper class men who played for enjoyment
never mixed with working class

Question 6

How did working class get time off to play professional sport?

Answer 6

Got payed for playing to cover time they missed at work (broken time payments)

Question 7

Who played rugby union?

Answer 7

In the south, Public school and rich people as more country and space.
Rules more complicated but people in the south were educated so could understand it

Question 8

Who played Rugby League?

Answer 8

Up north, made by factory workers who were fit, less educated therefore game more simpler, sport became professional

Question 9

Availability of time for peasants

Answer 9

working long hours-little time for sport
Many workers didn’t want to play after a long working g week
Sunday was a day off however, required as day of rest by the church so no sport.

Question 10

When was the Saturday half-day introduced for workers?

Answer 10

1880

Question 11

Availability of time for upper/middle class

Answer 11

Factory owners tried to prevent workers from partaking in sport because of risks of injury and them losing money
However, realised that sport kept workers happy and encouraged formation of work teams

Question 12

Availability of money working class

Answer 12

Still paid poorly
Intro of broken time payments encouraged participation

Question 13

Availability of money upper and middle classes

Answer 13

Could afford to play sport and pay for travel
Realisation of happy workforce is more productive workforce

Question 14

How did Availability of travel affect sport ?

Answer 14

Peasants- still couldn’t afford to leave jobs so hardly travelled
upper/middle- Canals and roads built to make it easier to travel further distances
invention of bicycle
Trains allowed for players to travel to different countries- start of national games

Question 15

Gender at the start of the 19th century

Answer 15

Role of women restricted by their place in society
Expected to marry have kids and be financially dependant on husbands
As a result education was limited
Allowed to be teachers but low status and low paid job

Question 16

When and What was the Taunton Royal Commission Report?

Answer 16

1868
led to wider movement of women campaigning for equal rights to study, work, own property, and vote

Question 17

Gender end of 19th century

Answer 17

Not expected to marry as shortage of men from wars
Taunton report meant more girls involved in PE at school

Question 18

Why were the working class opposed to education?

Answer 18

Little interest as thought being educated had little relevance
Child labour common and many parents didn’t want to give up these earnings to send them to school

Question 19

When and What was the Education Act?
(Foster Act)

Answer 19

1870
Beginning of national system of education
Act required new elementary schools nationwide
Education became more bailable for lower classes meaning they could begin to understand complicated rules

Question 20

When and What was the Clarendon Report?

Answer 20

1864
Commissioners recommended changes in powers of governing bodies and heads of schools.
Governors powers included, management of property of the schools and its revenues and expenditure , time and lengths of holidays for the boys.

Question 21

What was the upper class view on education?

Answer 21

Little interest in cultural development of the working class
Revolutions emphasised the need to keep the working class under control- less powerful= less educated
middle and upper went to public schools

Question 22

What games were played at public schools?

Answer 22

Pupils brought their own local games
Had lots of time to play
sports encouraged such as cricket and rowing
Clarification of the rules

Question 23

What was the ‘Cult of Athleticism’?

Answer 23

A combination of physical endeavour, or trying hard, moral integrity or being honourable, truthful and showing good sportsmanship

Question 24

Define Codification

Answer 24

systematic definition of rules for conduct of sport. It encompasses both the scoring system and the rules which cover the behaviour and conduct of participants.

Question 25

Why were national organisations set up?

Answer 25

Formed in mid to late 19th century as a result of the influence of public schools in portraying sport as morally worthwhile and because of new industrialised society.

Question 26

What was the Old Boys Network?

Answer 26

an informal system through which men are thought to use their positions of influence to help others who went to the same school as them.
Some went to the army and spread sport overseas

Question 27

What influence did public schools have after they left for higher education?

Answer 27

Pupils took games to universities but played different versions.
1863 it was outlawed to touch the ball, later that year players came together to set up the FA.

Question 28

What was the fagging system?

Answer 28

A cruel exploitation of younger boys whop were used as servants for older boys

Question 29

What sort pupils did Thomas Arnold (headmaster) want to produce at rugby school?

Answer 29

Wanted sport to help change boys into men
Help establish link between sports and moral ethnic character
Concept of the development into the character is often referred to as the ‘Cult of Athleticism’

Question 30

When was the LTA formed ?

Answer 30

1880

Question 31

What did the changes in law and order of the working class lead to a decline in?

Answer 31

More defined laws therefore a decline in blood sports such as cock fighting for a more civilised society

Question 32

Who dictated the law and order?

Answer 32

Upper and middle class
They hold onto the sports they were interested in
e.g fox hunting allowed to continue