Charles Foreign Policy Flashcards
What were Charles Foreign policy aims
- protect the lands of the empire
-Habsburg lands
-Burgundian Lands
-Castile and new World
-Defend Catholicism as he was HRE
Reasons for rivalry between France and Spain
- personal rivalry between Charles and King of France Francis I this intensified when Charles beat him to the HRE title
-France surrounded by Habsburg territories as well as Milan being inherited by Francis but under Spanish control
-Charles in the treaty of Noyon in 1516 had planned to give Navarre back to France but this was delayed therefore Francis invaded during the Communeros revolt (Charles later uses army to drive the French back out
Timeline of events between Spain and France
1521-joint Spanish and Habsburg army drive French out of Milan
1525- Battle Of Pavia Charles inflicts crushing defeat on the French outside of Milan
1526- League of Cognac set up over fear of Charles power
1527- March to Rome, Charles army made up of mainly German mercenaries SUCCESSFUL
1528- Francis comes back to Italy and sieges Naples. However treatment of Doria meant he switched to Charles side
1529- French in weak position- Battle of Landriano defeat
1529- Peace of Cambrai singed
What happened at the 1521 diet of worms
Luther was put under an imperial ban but was not arrested as Charles had put his brother Ferdinand as permanent representative of the HRE from 1522 and as the prince of Germany backed Luther there was little Ferdinand could do as he had hereditary Habsurbg lands
When was the inquisition introduced against Lutheranism
1522, hard edicts were implied in 1525
Why was Lutheranism able to spread in the early years
As the HRE was in the hands of the Imperial diet due to Charles absence, the urban representatives procrastinated and allowed Lutheranism to spread unchallenged as majority of princes were scared to either commit or not commit to Lutheranism
When was the Schmalkadlic league formed
What did it consist of
1531
military alliance by Luther and backed by many urban princes
Describe Charles failure in negotiating with the lutherans
discussions broke down in Renseburg in 1541,
Declaration of Ratisbon 1541 gave lutherans significant concessions, lutheran princes allowed ton reform monasteries and other religious institutions, given greater prominence in institutions
Charles gained nothing
How did Charles deal with the Lutherans by force
Got the backing of the Duke of Saxony and mobilised an army of 25,000 and defeated the lutherans at Mulhburg under the command of the duke of Alba
How did France intervene with Charles and Luther
- French king Henry II gave financial and military backing to the Schmaldklic league in exchange for Metz, Toul and Verdun which were part of the HRE
-convinced ottomans to break truce with habsbrugs by seizing Tripoli in 1551
-French and German army drive Charles back out of Mulhburg
- led to luther becoming v powerful as given legal and official recognition
1526 Otto
ottomans janissaries defeat Louis II of Hungary at battle of mohacs
Spanish people reluctant to help with Habsburg dealings
1529 Otto
siege of veinna
Peace of Nurmeburg
Forced by Ottoman attack on Vienna
Charles made peace with German lutherans to focus on
1525
Ottomans gained Algiers and form administrative centre
1529 Babarossa
sacking of the Valencian coast and capture of Penon de velez
Doria gains Patras and Coron for 2 years to ease pressure
