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Portugueshe Flashcards

1
Q

What is the current Portuguese legal classification system?

A
  1. DOP/DOC (Denominação de Origem Protegida/Cotrolata)
  2. IGP (Indicão Geogràfica Protegida) *Formerly “VR” 85% of prescribed varietal
  3. Vihnos de Mesa
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2
Q

What does garrafeira indicate for Portuguese R, W, R wines?

A

Red=age min 30 mo, 12 mo btl
W (Branco)=12 mo, 6 mo btl
Rosado=12 mo, 6 btl

means “private wine cellar”

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3
Q

What does garrafiera indicate for vintage port wines?

A

several years in barrel, 8 yrs in glass demijohns

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4
Q

What is the modern name for Douro wine co. and how has it’s role changed over time

A

Royal Oporto Wine Co, no longer regulatory body, only shipper

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5
Q

In what year did the Douro wine Co. 1st establish AOP boundaries for Douro?

A

1756

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6
Q

What are feitoras? Ramas?

A

historical terms 1756-1761
Feitora=335 best vineyards classified for export to British market
rama=vineyards for domestic consumption

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7
Q

Define following Portuguese wine terms
Reserva
Colheita Seleccionada

A

R (table)=.5% higher alc than min (some AOPs stricter). Sparkling min 12 mo on lees re-degorge
CS=1% higher abv

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8
Q

What are the 14 IGPs of Portugal?

A 
Mihno
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras de Beira
Biera Atlántico 
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Penninsula de Setúbal 
Algarve 
Tierras Madzirenes
Açores
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9
Q

What are original Portuguese quality levels

A
  1. Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC)
  2. Indicação de Proveniência Regulamentada (IPR)
  3. Vihno Regional (VR)
  4. Vihno de Mesa
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10
Q

What is the widest grown Red Casta in Portugal?

Other important varietals?

A

Castelão (commonly “Perequita”)
Also
Touriga Nacional, Mencia (Jaen), Alfrocheira, Tricadiera, Baga, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz/Temp.)

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11
Q

What are some common synonyms for Touriga Nacional?

A

Bical, Tinto, Mortágua Preto

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12
Q

What is mot widely planted white Casta in Portugal? Other varieties?

A

Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)

*Encruzado, Arinto, Antão Vaz, Alvarihno, Sercial (Esgana Cão), Cercial (Different! used for blending)

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13
Q

Which IGP/DOP in the Northwestern corner of Portugal share exact geographical boundaries?

A

Mihno IGP and Vihno Verde DOP

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14
Q

What is the largest DOP in Portugal and what styles of wine?

A

Vihno Verde
R,W, R from wide varieties
W=*Lourerio+ Trajadura, Avesio, Pedernã, Alvarinho
R+R=Vinhâo, Espadeiro, Barraçal, Alvarelhão

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15
Q

What grape is grown in Monção and Melgaçoin Vinho Verde? What is unique about its location?

A

Alvarinho

Directly across Minho River from Condado do Tea in Rias Baixas

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16
Q

When should the vast majority of R+W wine be drunk from Vinho Verde?

A

1yr after release

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17
Q

What are the 4 subregions of Trás-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP?
What are primary R+W varietals?

A

Regions=Chaves, Valpaços, Planalto, Mirandés
Reds=Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau), Touriga Francesa, Trincadeira
Whites=Fernão Pires, Siria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Rábigato

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18
Q

Which 2 DOPs are included in Duriense IGP?

Which is Portugal’s oldest demarcated wine region?

A

Douro and Porto

*Douro 1st (UNESCO World Heritage Site)

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19
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Port?

A

schist

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20
Q

What are 3 sub-regions of Douro?

A 
Cima Corgo (Best)
Baixo Corgo (2nd Best)
Douro Superior
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21
Q

What are primary varietals of Douro table wine?

A

Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, etc

Gouvieo (whites)

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22
Q

What 2 styles of wine can be produced as Douro DOP?

A 
Table wines (red, white, rosado)
Licoroso (fortified) Moscatel do Douro
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23
Q

What are the req’s for Douro and Douro reserva wines?

A

reg=10.5 (W+R), 11% (R)
reserva=11.5+6mo age (W+R), 12%+1yr age (R)

wines that score highly in blind taste by IVDP may be “grande reserva”

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24
Q

Prior to 1986, where were all Port houses required to ship their wines from?
How has this affected modern Port trade?

A

pre-1986, all houses ship out of Vila Nava de Gaia. Now can ship from anywhere in Douro. Allowing little guys to get their wines to market sooner. Thanks EU!

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25
Which houses launched dry table wine style of Douro? Cuvee name and year? Other prominent houses in that style?
Ferreria "Barea Velha" 1952 Also Quinta do Crasto, Ramos Pinto, Quinta do Vale Meão
26
What are the 4 IGPs that make up the former Bieras region?
Terras do Dão Terras de Cister Terras da Beira Beira Atlãntico
27
Which important DOP is w/in Terras de Cister IGP? What style of wine?
Távora-Varosa DOP | sparkling wine
28
Which important DOP is w/ in Beira Atlãntico IGP? What is it's 1 sub-zone? Styles of wine?
Bairrada DOP Terras do Dão subzone R+R+W from usual Portuguese suspects, primarily Baga (on Barros soil)
29
What are the 2 most important DOPs in Terras do Dão IGP?
Dão DOP | Lafóes DOP
30
What is the major DOP of Terras da Beira IGP? | 3 subzones?
``` Beira Interior DOP zones: -Beira Castelo Rodrigo -Cova da Beria -Pinhel ``` most wine by co-ops
31
Breakdown Dão: | Major grape, geographical factors, climate, subzones
-Touriga Nacional -Sheltered by 3 Mtn. ranges, at some altitude, granitic soils, hot/dry growing season, rainy winter Subzones: Serra da Estrela, Alva, Besterios, Castendo, Silguerios, Terras de Acurara, Terras de Senhorim
32
What are the Dão labelling req's for - Garrafeira - reserva - Nobre
gar=11.5% (actually just over 11% qualifies) res=R 2yrs, W 6mo Nobre: R=15% Tour. Nac+85% Juen, Rufete, Alfraheio, Aragonez, 3yrs age, 12% alc R Nobre Reserva=42mo age R Nobre Garr=48 mo, 12.5% alc W=15% Encruzado+85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia fina, Verdelho, 1yr age, 11.5% W Nobre Reserva=1yr W Nobre Garr=18 mo, 9 in btl
33
What are dominant R+W grapes of Barrada and preferred soil types?
R=Baga on Barros (clay) | W=Maria Gomes+Arinto on sand
34
What are req's for Bairrada Classico?
12.5% min (11% normal min)
35
What are the 9 DOPs of Lisboa?
``` Bacelas Colores Caravelos Arruda Torres Vedras Alenquer Óbidos Lourinhã Encostas de Aire ```
36
What is the largest volume wine region in Portugal? Where are most of quality regions located?
Lisboa IGP | Best are southern regions near city of Lisboa
37
What are 2 DOP zones of Peninsula de Setúbal?
Setúbal=known for vinhos licorosos from Moscatel de Setúbal (d'Alea ) or Mos. Roxo Palmela=Wines from Castelão (R), Fernão Pires, Arinto (W)
38
What is the sole DOP of Tejo IGP?
Do Tejo DOP | outlandish number of R+W grapes allowed, more W than R
39
What is the sole DOP of Alentejo IGP? Most prominent subzone? Also known for?
Alentejo DOP Portalegare (mainly reds from Tricadeira) Also Quercas Suber (cork trees)
40
What are 4 DOP zones of Algarve IGP? | Grapes?
Lagos, Lagoa, Portimão, Tavira R=Castelão, Tinta Negra Mole W=Arinto Siria
41
What are important DOPs and corresponding styles of the Açores islands?
Pico DOP-Fortified whites Biscoitos DOP-Fortified whites Graciosa DOP-dry table whites
42
Primary white and red varietals of Port?
Whites=Gouveio, Arinto, Malvasia Fino, Rabigato, Viosinho | Reds=Touriga Nacional/Francesa, Tinta Cão/Roriz/Barroca/Francisca, Sousão
43
What are highly regarded vintages of Port in 2000's?
00, 03, 05, 07, 09, 11, 15, 16
44
What is fortification process of Port?
440L of wine added 110L of aguardente causing Mutage and final alc of approx. 20%
45
What are 2 different styles of port and major difference between the 2?
1. Barrel aged=ready to drink upon release | 2. Bottle aged=benefit from bottle aging after release
46
What are examples of bottle aged ports?
Vintage, Single Quinta
47
What are examples of barrel-aged styles of Port?
Ruby Tawny *Aged Tawny *Late Bottled Vintage *examples of Port that benefit from bottle aging
48
List styles/varietals of Maderia from dry-sweet
Sercial Verdelho Boal Malmsey (Malvasia)
49
What is aguardente?
neutral grape spirit added to base wine Port to fortify and arrest fermentation
50
What is a traditional Port barrel called? How large?
Pipe (550L), but vary in size | Shipping pipes are set at 534.24L
51
What is the "lei do tergo?"
"law of third" | Imposed by IVDP req'ing Port houses to restrict their sales to 1/3 of total inventory annually
52
How does the IVDP determine how much wine may be produced from a particular vineyard each year?
a grading system A-F based on max 2361 points w/ a metric of 12 factors 7 Climate factors (location, alt, exposure, bedrock, rough soil matter, slope, shelter) 5 vine factors (type, plantings, density, yield, training system, age)
53
Max yields for Port R+W?
R=55hl/ha | W=65hl/ha
54
What is 'beneficio?"
Portuguese term for mutage
55
What is a Colheita?
vintage Tawny Port w/ min 7 yrs of aging
56
What is the name of the regulatory body on Madeira?
Wine, Embroidery, and Handicraft Institute of Madeira (IVBAM)
57
List and describe the 3 types of companies involved in the Maderia industry
1. Production Cos-Based in capitol of Funchal. 8 registered, 6 active. Largest co is Vihnos Justino Henriques (1/2 of exports) 2. Shipping Cos-trade rather than produce, usually based in London. Buy from producer then btl under own brand. Ex. Broadbent 3. Partidistas-store wine then sell at maturity to other traders for profit. Similar to almacenistas of Sherry
58
85% of Madeira plantings are which varietal?
tinta negra (Mole formerly used)
59
What are min grape content req's for Madeira if: - stated variety - stated variety and vintage
85% for multi-vintage blends | 100% vintage dated
60
How long are Madeira wines held in the estufa? How long in estágio? When may they be released?
Min 3 mo in estufa at 45-50 C 90 day rest (estágio) released 2 years after harvest
61
What are Armazens de Calor in Madeira process?
More delicate heating method than Estufagem. Wines are warmed by nearby tanks or steamed pipes for extended periods of time. Chiefly implemented by Madeira Wine Co
62
What are 2 winemaking methods of Madeira?
Estufa (stove) or Armazens de Calor | Canteiro-finest wines aged in warm stores for 2 yrs. Essentially, attics
63
When may Vihnos de Canteiro be released? | What are the rarest styles of Canteiro, aged 20+ yrs called?
min 3 yrs of age | Frasqueiras
64
What are the main styles of Madeira? Describe each
1. Rainwater=100% Tinta Negra, youngest wine is min 3 yrs 2. Seleccionado=3-5yrs, mainly TN, aged in tank 3. Reserva=5-10yrs 4. Reserva Especial=10-15yrs, often 1 noble variety, Canterio 5. Extra Reserve=15-20 yrs 6. 20, 30, over 40 yrs 7. Solera=Not permitted by EU, but found on isle. In Canteiro
65
What are main styles of Madeira w/ vintage date? Describe each?
1. Colheita=85% 1 vint, min 5 yrs age before btl, blend or 1 variety, can NOT be labelled as vintage 2. Frasqueira=1 variety or blend. 85% vint, wine topped w/ younger wines during process, Canteiro +10's of years in glass demi-johns 3. Vihno da Roda/Torna/Volta=wines undergo trip around the equator. Produced up to early 1900s. Supes rare
66
What are socalos? Patamares?
traditional narrow terracing system in Douro, requires hand harvest Wider terraces that may be mechanically harvested
67
what is a split vintage in port? What are some classic examples?
back to back port vintage declarations in which houses cannot unanimously agree on a single declaration 1982/83 1991/92
68
what are poios?
basalt stone terraces of Madeira vineyards (outer edge of island)
69
``` Name a quinta for each of the following Port Houses: Taylor Dow's Kopke Weiss and Krohn ```
Vargellas Bomfim Sao Luiz Retiro Novo
70
Best vintages for Port pre 2000's?
``` 97, 95, 94, 92/91 85, 83/82 77 66, 63 55 48, 47, 45 35 27** (dat good good) 1908, 1904, 1900 ```

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