Portugueshe Flashcards
What is the current Portuguese legal classification system?
- DOP/DOC (Denominação de Origem Protegida/Cotrolata)
- IGP (Indicão Geogràfica Protegida) *Formerly “VR” 85% of prescribed varietal
- Vihnos de Mesa
What does garrafeira indicate for Portuguese R, W, R wines?
Red=age min 30 mo, 12 mo btl
W (Branco)=12 mo, 6 mo btl
Rosado=12 mo, 6 btl
means “private wine cellar”
What does garrafiera indicate for vintage port wines?
several years in barrel, 8 yrs in glass demijohns
What is the modern name for Douro wine co. and how has it’s role changed over time
Royal Oporto Wine Co, no longer regulatory body, only shipper
In what year did the Douro wine Co. 1st establish AOP boundaries for Douro?
1756
What are feitoras? Ramas?
historical terms 1756-1761
Feitora=335 best vineyards classified for export to British market
rama=vineyards for domestic consumption
Define following Portuguese wine terms
Reserva
Colheita Seleccionada
R (table)=.5% higher alc than min (some AOPs stricter). Sparkling min 12 mo on lees re-degorge
CS=1% higher abv
What are the 14 IGPs of Portugal?
Mihno Transmontano Duriense Terras do Dão Terras de Cister Terras de Beira Biera Atlántico Tejo Lisboa Alentejano Penninsula de Setúbal Algarve Tierras Madzirenes Açores
What are original Portuguese quality levels
- Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC)
- Indicação de Proveniência Regulamentada (IPR)
- Vihno Regional (VR)
- Vihno de Mesa
What is the widest grown Red Casta in Portugal?
Other important varietals?
Castelão (commonly “Perequita”)
Also
Touriga Nacional, Mencia (Jaen), Alfrocheira, Tricadiera, Baga, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz/Temp.)
What are some common synonyms for Touriga Nacional?
Bical, Tinto, Mortágua Preto
What is mot widely planted white Casta in Portugal? Other varieties?
Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)
*Encruzado, Arinto, Antão Vaz, Alvarihno, Sercial (Esgana Cão), Cercial (Different! used for blending)
Which IGP/DOP in the Northwestern corner of Portugal share exact geographical boundaries?
Mihno IGP and Vihno Verde DOP
What is the largest DOP in Portugal and what styles of wine?
Vihno Verde
R,W, R from wide varieties
W=*Lourerio+ Trajadura, Avesio, Pedernã, Alvarinho
R+R=Vinhâo, Espadeiro, Barraçal, Alvarelhão
What grape is grown in Monção and Melgaçoin Vinho Verde? What is unique about its location?
Alvarinho
Directly across Minho River from Condado do Tea in Rias Baixas
When should the vast majority of R+W wine be drunk from Vinho Verde?
1yr after release
What are the 4 subregions of Trás-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP?
What are primary R+W varietals?
Regions=Chaves, Valpaços, Planalto, Mirandés
Reds=Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau), Touriga Francesa, Trincadeira
Whites=Fernão Pires, Siria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Rábigato
Which 2 DOPs are included in Duriense IGP?
Which is Portugal’s oldest demarcated wine region?
Douro and Porto
*Douro 1st (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
What is the preferred soil type for Port?
schist
What are 3 sub-regions of Douro?
Cima Corgo (Best) Baixo Corgo (2nd Best) Douro Superior
What are primary varietals of Douro table wine?
Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, etc
Gouvieo (whites)
What 2 styles of wine can be produced as Douro DOP?
Table wines (red, white, rosado) Licoroso (fortified) Moscatel do Douro
What are the req’s for Douro and Douro reserva wines?
reg=10.5 (W+R), 11% (R)
reserva=11.5+6mo age (W+R), 12%+1yr age (R)
wines that score highly in blind taste by IVDP may be “grande reserva”
Prior to 1986, where were all Port houses required to ship their wines from?
How has this affected modern Port trade?
pre-1986, all houses ship out of Vila Nava de Gaia. Now can ship from anywhere in Douro. Allowing little guys to get their wines to market sooner. Thanks EU!
Which houses launched dry table wine style of Douro?
Cuvee name and year?
Other prominent houses in that style?
Ferreria “Barea Velha” 1952
Also Quinta do Crasto, Ramos Pinto, Quinta do Vale Meão
What are the 4 IGPs that make up the former Bieras region?
Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlãntico
Which important DOP is w/in Terras de Cister IGP? What style of wine?
Távora-Varosa DOP
sparkling wine
Which important DOP is w/ in Beira Atlãntico IGP?
What is it’s 1 sub-zone?
Styles of wine?
Bairrada DOP
Terras do Dão subzone
R+R+W from usual Portuguese suspects, primarily Baga (on Barros soil)
What are the 2 most important DOPs in Terras do Dão IGP?
Dão DOP
Lafóes DOP
What is the major DOP of Terras da Beira IGP?
3 subzones?
Beira Interior DOP zones: -Beira Castelo Rodrigo -Cova da Beria -Pinhel
most wine by co-ops
Breakdown Dão:
Major grape, geographical factors, climate, subzones
-Touriga Nacional
-Sheltered by 3 Mtn. ranges, at some altitude, granitic soils, hot/dry growing season, rainy winter
Subzones: Serra da Estrela, Alva, Besterios, Castendo, Silguerios, Terras de Acurara, Terras de Senhorim
What are the Dão labelling req’s for
- Garrafeira
- reserva
- Nobre
gar=11.5% (actually just over 11% qualifies)
res=R 2yrs, W 6mo
Nobre:
R=15% Tour. Nac+85% Juen, Rufete, Alfraheio, Aragonez, 3yrs age, 12% alc
R Nobre Reserva=42mo age
R Nobre Garr=48 mo, 12.5% alc
W=15% Encruzado+85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia fina, Verdelho, 1yr age, 11.5%
W Nobre Reserva=1yr
W Nobre Garr=18 mo, 9 in btl
What are dominant R+W grapes of Barrada and preferred soil types?
R=Baga on Barros (clay)
W=Maria Gomes+Arinto on sand
What are req’s for Bairrada Classico?
12.5% min (11% normal min)
What are the 9 DOPs of Lisboa?
Bacelas Colores Caravelos Arruda Torres Vedras Alenquer Óbidos Lourinhã Encostas de Aire
What is the largest volume wine region in Portugal? Where are most of quality regions located?
Lisboa IGP
Best are southern regions near city of Lisboa
What are 2 DOP zones of Peninsula de Setúbal?
Setúbal=known for vinhos licorosos from Moscatel de Setúbal (d’Alea ) or Mos. Roxo
Palmela=Wines from Castelão (R), Fernão Pires, Arinto (W)
What is the sole DOP of Tejo IGP?
Do Tejo DOP
outlandish number of R+W grapes allowed, more W than R
What is the sole DOP of Alentejo IGP?
Most prominent subzone?
Also known for?
Alentejo DOP
Portalegare (mainly reds from Tricadeira)
Also Quercas Suber (cork trees)
What are 4 DOP zones of Algarve IGP?
Grapes?
Lagos, Lagoa, Portimão, Tavira
R=Castelão, Tinta Negra Mole
W=Arinto Siria
What are important DOPs and corresponding styles of the Açores islands?
Pico DOP-Fortified whites
Biscoitos DOP-Fortified whites
Graciosa DOP-dry table whites
Primary white and red varietals of Port?
Whites=Gouveio, Arinto, Malvasia Fino, Rabigato, Viosinho
Reds=Touriga Nacional/Francesa, Tinta Cão/Roriz/Barroca/Francisca, Sousão
What are highly regarded vintages of Port in 2000’s?
00, 03, 05, 07, 09, 11, 15, 16
What is fortification process of Port?
440L of wine added 110L of aguardente causing Mutage and final alc of approx. 20%
What are 2 different styles of port and major difference between the 2?
- Barrel aged=ready to drink upon release
2. Bottle aged=benefit from bottle aging after release
What are examples of bottle aged ports?
Vintage, Single Quinta
What are examples of barrel-aged styles of Port?
Ruby
Tawny
*Aged Tawny
*Late Bottled Vintage
*examples of Port that benefit from bottle aging
List styles/varietals of Maderia from dry-sweet
Sercial
Verdelho
Boal
Malmsey (Malvasia)
What is aguardente?
neutral grape spirit added to base wine Port to fortify and arrest fermentation
What is a traditional Port barrel called? How large?
Pipe (550L), but vary in size
Shipping pipes are set at 534.24L
What is the “lei do tergo?”
“law of third”
Imposed by IVDP req’ing Port houses to restrict their sales to 1/3 of total inventory annually
How does the IVDP determine how much wine may be produced from a particular vineyard each year?
a grading system A-F based on max 2361 points w/ a metric of 12 factors
7 Climate factors (location, alt, exposure, bedrock, rough soil matter, slope, shelter)
5 vine factors (type, plantings, density, yield, training system, age)
Max yields for Port R+W?
R=55hl/ha
W=65hl/ha
What is ‘beneficio?”
Portuguese term for mutage
What is a Colheita?
vintage Tawny Port w/ min 7 yrs of aging
What is the name of the regulatory body on Madeira?
Wine, Embroidery, and Handicraft Institute of Madeira (IVBAM)
List and describe the 3 types of companies involved in the Maderia industry
- Production Cos-Based in capitol of Funchal. 8 registered, 6 active. Largest co is Vihnos Justino Henriques (1/2 of exports)
- Shipping Cos-trade rather than produce, usually based in London. Buy from producer then btl under own brand. Ex. Broadbent
- Partidistas-store wine then sell at maturity to other traders for profit. Similar to almacenistas of Sherry
85% of Madeira plantings are which varietal?
tinta negra (Mole formerly used)
What are min grape content req’s for Madeira if:
- stated variety
- stated variety and vintage
85% for multi-vintage blends
100% vintage dated
How long are Madeira wines held in the estufa? How long in estágio? When may they be released?
Min 3 mo in estufa at 45-50 C
90 day rest (estágio)
released 2 years after harvest
What are Armazens de Calor in Madeira process?
More delicate heating method than Estufagem. Wines are warmed by nearby tanks or steamed pipes for extended periods of time. Chiefly implemented by Madeira Wine Co
What are 2 winemaking methods of Madeira?
Estufa (stove) or Armazens de Calor
Canteiro-finest wines aged in warm stores for 2 yrs. Essentially, attics
When may Vihnos de Canteiro be released?
What are the rarest styles of Canteiro, aged 20+ yrs called?
min 3 yrs of age
Frasqueiras
What are the main styles of Madeira? Describe each
- Rainwater=100% Tinta Negra, youngest wine is min 3 yrs
- Seleccionado=3-5yrs, mainly TN, aged in tank
- Reserva=5-10yrs
- Reserva Especial=10-15yrs, often 1 noble variety, Canterio
- Extra Reserve=15-20 yrs
- 20, 30, over 40 yrs
- Solera=Not permitted by EU, but found on isle. In Canteiro
What are main styles of Madeira w/ vintage date? Describe each?
- Colheita=85% 1 vint, min 5 yrs age before btl, blend or 1 variety, can NOT be labelled as vintage
- Frasqueira=1 variety or blend. 85% vint, wine topped w/ younger wines during process, Canteiro +10’s of years in glass demi-johns
- Vihno da Roda/Torna/Volta=wines undergo trip around the equator. Produced up to early 1900s. Supes rare
What are socalos? Patamares?
traditional narrow terracing system in Douro, requires hand harvest
Wider terraces that may be mechanically harvested
what is a split vintage in port? What are some classic examples?
back to back port vintage declarations in which houses cannot unanimously agree on a single declaration
1982/83
1991/92
what are poios?
basalt stone terraces of Madeira vineyards (outer edge of island)
Name a quinta for each of the following Port Houses: Taylor Dow's Kopke Weiss and Krohn
Vargellas
Bomfim
Sao Luiz
Retiro Novo
Best vintages for Port pre 2000’s?
97, 95, 94, 92/91 85, 83/82 77 66, 63 55 48, 47, 45 35 27** (dat good good) 1908, 1904, 1900
