All the Other Stuff Flashcards
What are the 4 main ingredients of beer?
water
barley (or other malts)
Hops
yeast
What are the earliest beer laws? Where? Stating what?
Bavarian Purity Law (Reinheitsgebot) of 1516. Codified 3 ingredients for use of production, water, barley, hops. Yeast then unknown. Wheat preserved for bread production
How long does germination last in beer production? What is the preferred grain?
2 days approx
Barley
What is the sparge in beer production?
the spent mash that is washed w/ water to extract extra sugars, sometimes combined with wort for final production, but may lend extra bitterness
What are the names of lager vs. ale yeasts?
Lager=saccharomyces pastorianus (carlsbergensis no longer used)
Ale=saccharomyces cerevisiae
Ale ferm less than a week, Lager 2-3 weeks
Lager yeasts can withstand cooler temps
What are wild strains of yeast for lambics, etc?
brettanomycecs bruxellensis
brettanomyces lambicus
When was Trappist assoc. founded? What are all Trappist ales by country?
ft. 1997 (10 total monasteries)
Belgium Westmalle Westvleteren Achel Chimay Rochefort Orval Netherlands Koningshoeven (La Trappe) Abdij Maria Toevlucht (2013) Austria Sift Eugelszell (2012) US St Joseph's Abbey (2013)
What is koji-kin?
(aspergillus oryzae) a mold crucial to sake production
What is the preferred rice strain for sake production?
Yamada Nishiki
What are following sake terms:
- shinpaku
- seimaibuai
shinpaku=pure starchy heart of rice grain
seimaibuai=milled sake, labeling term
list normal styles of sake w/ corresponding % of rice remaining
Junmai=70% (pre ‘04) can now be higher than 70% if labeled “semibua”
Hojozo=70%-small brewer’s alc (pure dist.) added before press
Ginjo=60%-honjozo in style w/ brewer’s alc, Junmai Ginjo=no brewer’s alc
Daiginjo=50%-honjozo in style, BA added, Junmai Daiginjo=no BA
What is the term for the steamed rice upon which mold is cultivated in sake production?
koji
What are the following sake terms
- moto
- moromi
moto-fermentation “starter” of yeast, rice, and water added to koji
moromi=fermenting mash
3x moto=moromi
how long does sake fermentation generally last? final abv?
45 days
fermented to approx 20% but lowered w/ water to approx. 17%
how is sake measured in sweetness?
Nihonshudo (sake value meter) measures gravity (density in contrast to water). negative values=sweetness, positives=dryness
What are terms for proper sake service vessels?
- tokkuri=ceramic decanters. May be heated in warm bath for basic bitches
- ochoko=small cylindrical cups
- sakazuki=ceremonial cups
What are the following styles of sake?
- Namazake
- Nigori
- Taruzake
- Jizake
- Genshu
-unpasterized sake unfiltered sake barrel-aged sake sake from small kura (brewer) undiluted sake
What is the boiling point of alc?
173 F (at sea level)
Who is considered to be the father of modern distillation?
Jabir ibn Hayyan. 8th cent. Arabic alchemist/chemist who improved upon alembic still
What are alternate names for continuous still?
Coffey, column, patent still
What provides flavor to spirits (good or bad)?
Congeners. Most bad are concentrated in the heads (foreshot) and tails, good in the center
What is original “proof” of spirits? Modern?
-in UK, gunpowder’s combustibility when doused in the spirit
modern in US 2x abv
Name country of origin and base for each:
- Stolinchnaya
- Chopin
- Belvedere
- Grey Goose
- Tito’s
- Ketel One
- Russia, wheat/rye
- Poland, Potato
- Poland, rye (LVMH)
- French, wheat (pot still)
- US Texas, corn (pot still)
- Netherlands, wheat (copper pot still)
What is aquavit?
Scandinavian spirit from fermented potoato or grain and flavored w/ caraway root and other aromatics
What are soju (Korea) and shochu (Japan)?
clear spirits traditionally distilled from sake but now may use other grains/potatoes.
- Shochu not charcoal filtered
- Awamori (Okinawan style) is always from rice
What are dominant botanicals of London Dry Gin? Popular brands?
Juniper, anise, citrus, cardamom, coriander, nutmeg, angelica root
Beefeater, Tanqueray, Bombay/Sapphier, Gordon’s, Boodles
Where was the first style of Gin created, by whom, when?
Genever (Jenever) in Holland by Dr. Sylvius de Bouve in 16th cent.
What are the defining characteristics between following styles of Gin:
- London Dry
- Genever
- Plymouth
- Old Tom
- classic, juniper forward
- OG, juniper and malt, may oak-age, traditional w/ 15% malt wine
- fuller more aromatic than LD, produced only by Plymouth, Coats, and Co.
- lightly sweetened and Barrel-aged
What is the proper Gin for each cocktail?
- Pink Lady
- Martinez
- Tom Collins
- Plymouth
- Old Tom
- Old Tom
Brief origin story of Whisky?
derived from Gaelic “uisgebeatha” (water of life), St. Patrick introduced it into Ireland in 5th cent.
Which regions of Scotland are more likely to use peat to malt their Barley?
Islands/coastal regions, Scotland’s forests lie in the interior
What are the 5 categories of Scotch production designated by the 2009 Scotch Whisky Regulations?
- Single Malt=100% malted barley, 1 producer
- Single Grain=1 distiller, unmalted barley/wheat/corn
- Blended Malt=blend of malted whiskies
- Blended Grain=2 or more Grain whiskies
- Blended Scotch=mix of malt and grain from multiple distillers
What are production req’s for Scotch?
- must carry 2009 category on label
- produced in Scotland
- distilled 2x or more
- aged min. 3 yrs
Why are Scotches realistically not aged more than 30-32 years?
min. abv by law is 40% so longer than 32 yr Angel’s Share is too great to meet the min
What are the 6 major regions for Scotch and a few producers from each?
Highlands
-Oban, Glenmorangie, Dalwhinnie, Dalmore
Lowlands
-Glenkinchie, Auchentoshan, Bladnoch
Speyside
-Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, Macallan, Balvenie (river Spey)
Campbeltown
-Glen Scotia, Glengyle, Springbank
Islands (Skye, Jura, Mall, Arran, Orkney)
-Highland Park (Orkney), Talisker (Skye)
Islay
-Ardbeg, Lagavulin, Laphroig
Which 2 producers are most known for finishing cask styles of Scotch?
Glenmorangie (La Santa, Nectar d’Or)
Balvenie (Caribbean Cask, Double Cask)
What are 3 main distilleries left in Ireland?
Old Bushmills
Cooley
New Midelton (Jameson)
in revival, more each year
What is the main stylistic difference between Scotch and Irish whisky? Why?
Irish from unmalted barley (lighter in character)
English excise tax in 1725 on malting process. Scotch began malting at night, Irish stopped
What is the notable exception to the Irish style of whiskey? (Aka, is single malt and peat-fired)
Connemara (by Cooley)
What are production req’s for Irish Whiskey?
Traditionally dist. 3x in pot still, but modernly continuous
Age min 3 yrs, in practice most are 7+
What is preferred grain for Canadian Whiskey? Age range?
Rye, but no legal requirement
must age min 3 yrs
Who is Japan’s largest producer of Whiskey?
Suntory (Yamazakis)
What is the EU def of Brandy?
distillation from wine (not pomace) w/ min abv of 36%, min oak age 6 mo
What are 6 defined regions of Cognac from high to low quality?
Grande Champagne Petit Champage Borderies Fins Bois Bons Bois Bois Ordinaries (Bois a Terroirs)
What is preferred soil type for Cognac?
soft chalk in Grande and Petit (same as Champs!)
center AOPs more hard limestone, sand, clay
What are primary varietals of Cognac?
Ugni Blanc (98%), Colombard, Folle Blanche, Montils, Sémillon, Ugni Blanc; plus a max. 10% Folignan (Folle Blanche x Ugni Blanc)
What is distillation process of Cognac?
2x in Copper Charentais pot still
1st=Brouillis
2nd=Bonne Chauffe, 4pts (tête, Coeur, secondes, queue) only coeur is saved (40% original volume)
What are traditional aging vessels of Cognac?
oak from Limosin and Troçais forests
What are aging designations of Cognac?
VS ***=min 2 yrs cask
VSOP=min 4 yrs cask
XO=now 6 yrs, in 2018 change to 10 yrs
*many houses age much longer (15-20yrs), statement indicates youngest eau-de-vie in blend
What are req’s for Fine Champagne Cognac?
entirely from Grande and Petit Champagne regions, min 50% must be from Grande
What are 3 regions of Armagnac?
Haut-Armagnac
Bas-Armagnac
Armagnac-Ténarèze
What are auth. varietals of Armagnac? What is unique about 1?
Baco Blanc (only auth. hybrid in any French AOP), Blanc Dame, Colombard (Picpoul), Folle Blanche, Graisse, Jurançon Blanc, Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, Meslier Saint-François, Ugni Blanc
Armagnac more fequently blends than Cognac
What is distillation method of Armagnac?
may be 2x in Charentais still but most 1x in copper continuous still. Simpler style, more character in spirit than Coffey
What is Blanche Armagnac?
unaged, btled after 3 mo
given AOP status in 2005
What are old vs current age req’s of Armagnac?
Old
VS***=min 2 yrs
VSOP=min 5 yrs
XO (or hors d’Age)=min 6 yrs
New (2013)
1-3yrs
4-9yrs
10+yrs
What are age req’s of vintage Armagnac?
10+ yrs
What are some notable producers of Cognac vs Armagnac? Which is more often to produce vintage products?
Cognac=Rémy, Courvassier, Mortell, Henny
Arm=Laressingle, Labaude, Labordolive (100% Folle Blanche)
Armagnac more likely vintage
What are the names for brandies produced in these countries?
Germany
Spain
Portugal
Chile/Peru
Weinbraund
Brandy de Jerez
Aguardente
Pisco
What are the names of Pomace spirits in these countries?
Spain
France
Italy
Portugal
Orujo
Marc
Grappa
Bagaceira
What are the 3 AOCs of Calvados?
Calvados
Calvados Domfrontais
Calvados Pays d’Auge (best)
What is distillation method of Calvados? Except what region?
2x in Copper pot, aged min 2yrs
except in Calvados Domfrontais, which is in continuous
What are the aging statements of Calvados?
Fine=youngest, 2 yrs min
Vieux/Réserve=3 yrs
Vielle Réserve/VSOP=4 yrs
XO/Hors d’Age/Extra/Napoléon=6 yrs
What are the names for following eau-de-vies: -Raspberry -Pear Williams -Plum (many) Fig (Tunisia) Apricot (Hungary)
Framboise Poire William Slivovitz, Mirabelle, Quetsch, Prunelle, Boukha (nat'l bev) Barack Palinka
What are 4 main styles of Rum?
Light
Dark
Demerara (Guyana only)
Rhum Agricole
Where is Cachaça from?
Brazil
Where is rhum agricole produced? What is unique about this location?
Martinique AOC
southernmost AOC in France
What are aging re’s of Rhum Agricole?
Blanc=8 wks in tank élevés sous bois=min 12 mo in oak Rhum Ambré/Rhum Paille=18 mo oak Vieux/Hors d'Age=3yrs oak VO=3yrs oak VSOP=4yrs oak XO=6yrs oak
What are the Tequila producing states of Mexico?
*Jalisco Guanajuates Tamaulipas Nayarit Michoacán
What is “mixto” Tequila?
What is production method of Tequila?
min 51% blue agave (shit)
2x in copper pot or continuous
What are aging req’s of Tequila?
Blanco=ningun
Repo=60 days-1yr
añejo=1-3yrs
extra añejo=3+ yrs
What is primary species of agave in Mezcal production? Some other wild species?
Espadin
Arroqueño, Tobalá, Tepeztate, variations of Agave Kaiwinkii
What is the difference between terms:
Mezcal
Mezcal Artesanal/Ancestral
industrial spirit vs quality minded/traditional methods
What is the base of Angostura
Trinidadian Rum
What are the flavorings and country of origin of the following cordials?
Fernet
Averna
Ramazotti
Cynar
Italy
- Herbs/Roots/spices
- Herbs/Roots/Citrus
- Herbs/Roots/Orange Peel/Anise
- Artichoke
What are the flavorings and country of origin of the following cordials?
Campari Aperol Amer Pican Suze Boonekamp Unicam (Zwak) Jägermeister
- H/Quinine/Rhubarb/Orange (It)
- Orange/Gentiane/Rhubarb (It)
- Orange/Gentian (Fr)
- Gentian/Herbs (Fr)
- Herbs/Roots/Spices (Gr)
- Herbs/Spices (Hungary)
- Herbs/Spices/Fruits (Gr)
Fruit base and Country of:
Cointreau Curaçao Grand Marnier Van de Hume Marachino Chambord Creme de Cassis Cherry Herring Pisang Ambon Midori Tamara Malibu Sloe Gin Limoncello
Orange, Fr Laraha Citrus, Netherlands (Antilles) Orange (Cognac), Fr Tangerine, S. Africa Cherry, Croatia B. Rasp, Fr B. Currant, Fr Banana, Netherlands Melon, Japan Dates, Israel Coconut (Rum), Barbados Sloe Berries (Gin), England Lemon, It
Base and country of:
Advocaat Bailey's Amarula Tia Maria Kahlua Godiva Frangelico Amaretto
Sweetened Egg, Netherlands Cream/Chocolate, Ireland Cream/Marula Fruit, S. Africa Coffee (Rum), Jamaica Coffee (Rum), Mexico Chocolate, Belgium Hazelnut, It Apricot and Almond, It
Flavorings and country of these whiskey based liquors:
SoCo Drambuie Glen Mist Glayva Irish Mist
Peach/Orange/Spice, American Neutral Whiskey Heather/Honey Herbs, Scotch Whisky Heather/Honey Herbs, Scotch Whisky Honey/Tangerine/Spices, Scotch Honey/Herbs, Irish
Flavorings and Country of origin of:
Pernod Ricard Pastis 51 Ouzo Sambuca Galliano Licor 43 Kümmel Benedictine Chartreuse B+B Strega St. Germaine Crème de Menthe Krupnik
Anise, Fr Anise, Fr Anise, Fr Anise, Greece Anise/Elderberry, It Anise/Herbs/Vanilla, It Vanilla/Herbs/Spices, Spain Caraway, Denmark Herbs/Spices, Fr Secret shit, Fr Blend of Benedictine and Brandy, Fr (cocktail from NYC) Saffron/Herbs/Spices, It Elderflower, Fr Mint, Randos Honey, Poland
Which islands produce the following rums:
Bacardi
Appleton Estate
Havana Club
Barbancourt
Puerto Rico
Jamaica
Cuba
Haiti
list production of sake from start to finish
Seimaibuai steaming adding koji-kin moto fermentation adding moto to create moromi dilution pressing pasteurization bottling
How large is an American Oak Whiskey Barrel?
190L
How large is a Cognac barrel?
350L
What is the definition of:
Cobbler
Collins
Crusta
wine based, sugar, citrus, shaken over crushed ice
lemon juice, simple, soda
sugar rim (1st of it’s kind), long lemon peel, wine glass
What style of beer is a California Common?
c/f Steam beer
Lager
Ale yeast that is lagered
What is Pommeau?
mix of apple juice and apple brandy
produced in Normandy
What is a hopback?
chamber for dry hopping beer
What are the terms 1. namachozo and 2. namazune?
- cellared, pasteurized, bottled
2. pasteurized before cellaring
what are the Scotch producing Islands of Scotland?
Orkney Skye Jura Arran Mull Lewis Islay...
What spirit uses Alquitaras in it’s production?
Pisco
What is parti-gyle brewing?
drawing first part of mash to make strong ale, then refermenting to make a weaker ale.
Traditionally 3x, hence Tripel, dubbel, einkel
What is the name for an estate bottled Calvados?
“Production Fermiere”
