Bring the Pagne Flashcards
1
Q
What is Blocage and Deblocage?
A
the respective holding and releasing of reserve wines to blend a champagne each year. AOP reg. required min 20% blocage from each house every year.
2
Q
What is a mono cru and mono parcelle champagne
A
cru=single village
parcelle=vineyard
3
Q
What is MCR (Moüt Concentré et Rectifié)?
A
a concentrated and rectified grape must increasingly preferred by small growers over liqueur d’expedition
4
Q
What are some notable 1er crus of Montagne de Reims?
A
Vrigny, Écueil, Trépail, Tauxières-Mutry
5
Q
Notable 1er cru villages of Vallée de la Marne?
A
Hautvillers, Cúmieres, Dizy, Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
6
Q
Notable 1er cru villages of Côte de Blancs?
A
Cuis, Vertus
7
Q
What are the 2 types of chalkly soils in Champagne?
A
Mieraster Chalk (extinct sea urchins) Belemnite Chalk (extinct cephalopods)
8
Q
What GC village if for red only? Which for white only?
A
R=Tours-sur-Marne (Marne)
W=Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
9
Q
Who produces Clos de Gouisses? 1st vintage?
A
Philipponnat, 1935
10
Q
Name GC villages of the Montagne de Reims? How many?
A
9 Sillery Puisiuex Beaumont-sur-Vesie Verzenay Mailly-Champagne Verzy Louvois Bouzy Ambonnay
11
Q
Name GC villages of the Vallée de la Marne? How many?
A
2
Aÿ
Tours-sur-Aÿ
12
Q
Name GC villages of Côte des Blancs? How many?
A
6 Chouilly (whites only) Oiry Cramant Avize Oger Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger
13
Q
Which GC villages were added afte 1985?
A
Verzy (Reims) Chouilly (CdB) Oiry (CdB) Oger (CdB) Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger (CdB)
14
Q
Which 1er cru villages of Champagne are historically 99% Echelle de Crus?
A
Tauxieres
Marueil sur Aÿ
15
Q
How much is a “mare” of grapes?
How much juice may be extracted from a mare?
How much is then divided into vin de cuvée and vin de taille?
A
4,000 kg
2,550 L total
2050 vin de cuvée, 500 vin de taille
16
Q
what is minimum must weight in Champagne?
A
143 g/L
17
Q
What is a Bidule?
A
plastic cap under crown cap used to capture sediment during remuage
18
Q
What is the dominant soil type of the Aube?
A
Clay
19
Q
Which Champagne cru has all 7 varieties in it?
A
“les 7” by Laherte Frères
20
Q
What is Fromenteau?
A
Pinot Gris in Champagne
21
Q
What 2 cuvées are produced by Marie Courtin? What are their assemblages and aging regime?
A
Resonance and Efflorescence
both 100% single vineyard
Resonance all aneorobic, Efflorescence in wood
22
Q
What is Vin Clair?
What is its approx. abv?
What is the min RS?
A
Base wines of champagne that have not undergone 2nd fermentation
approx 11% abv
10g/L
23
Q
What mono parcelle champagne is produced by Billecart-Salmon? Cepage and first vintagee?
A
“Clos-St-Hilaire” (in Mareuil-sur-Aÿ) 100% PN, first vint. 1995
24
Q
What is mono parcelle of Agrapart et Fils? Cepage and first vintage?
A
“Vénus” (Avize) 100% chardonnay
25
what is a mono parcelle of Egly-Ouriet? Cepage and first vintage?
"Les Crayères" (Ambonnay), 100% PN, first vint 1989
26
Name two mono parcelles of Jacquesson? Cepage and first vintage?
"Dizy Carne Boutray" (Dizy) 100% Chard, 1995
| "Avize Champ Cain" (Avize) 100% Chard, 2002
27
Name 2 mono parcelles of Krug? Cepage and first vintage?
"Clos du Mesnil" (Le Mesnil-sur-Oger) 100% Chard, 1979
| "Clos d'Ambonnay" (Ambonnay) 100% PN, 1995
28
Name mono parcelle of Pierre Peters? Cepage and first vintage?
"Cuvée Speciale les Chetillons" (Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger) 100% Chard, 2000
29
```
Name tete de cuvées for
Ayala
Deutz
Duval Leroy
Gosset
Henriot
Laurent-Perrier
```
```
Cuvée Perle d'Ayala
Cuvée William Deutz, Amor de Deutz
Femme de Champagne
Celebris
Cuvée des Enchanteleurs
Grande Siecle
```
30
Who makes Champagne Charlie? Final vintage?
Charles Heidsieck (1985)
31
Which river runs through Mont. de Reims?
Vesle River
32
Which 2 rivers cut through Côte de Bars?
Aube in NE
| Seine in SW
33
Name top vintages of Champagne pre 1970
1914, 1921, 1949, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1966
34
```
Name top vintages of Champagne in;
70s?
80s?
90s?
00s?
```
71, 75, 76, 79
81,82, 85, 88
90, 96
02, 08
35
What are some of the worst vintages of Champagne history? Also in 90s? And 2000s?
*72, 77, 84*
91, 94, 97 (so-so)
01, 03
*so shitty there was no declared vintage!
36
Who was cellar master of Abbey of Hautvillers from 1668-1715?
Dom Perignon
37
What is Veuve Cliquot's full name?
Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin
38
Which house created the first brut bottling? Which year?
Pommery (1874)
39
What year was Champagne initially delimited? What year was the Aube reinstated?
1911
| 1927
40
How many villages are authorized to grow grapes for Champagne?
357
41
Who is Otto Kleinbasch?
German appointed overseer of wine trade between France and Germany during WWII. Placed high demands on production of Champagne, nicknamed "Weinfüher"
42
What are the 7 grapes of champagne? Which is most planted? Which are no longer authorized for new plantings?
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir (most planted), Pinot Meunier
*Petit Meselir, *Pinot Blanc Vrai, *Arbane, *Pinot Gris
*no new plantings
43
What is average vine age in Champagne?
| Which 4 pruning methods are allowed?
20yrs
| Cordon de Royat, Chablis, Vallée de la Marne, Guyot (double or simple)
44
Which 3 villages house the majority of the larger Champagne firms?
Reims, Aÿ, Épernay
45
Which grapes of Champagne are most planted in which regions?
Pinot Noir (Mont. de Reims, Aube)
Chard (Côte de Sezanne, Côte de Blancs)
Meunier (Vallée de la Marne)
46
How many GC and 1er cru villages are there in Champagne
17 GC cru
| 42 1er cru
47
What is the CIVC?
Regulatory body overseeing relations between growers and produers
Regulates harvest size, blocage/deblocage levels
Historically set the prices through Échelle de Crus %=$ system (GC=100% of set price)
48
What is the Échelle de Crus?
Price setting system for growers in Champagne. 100% rating system in which GC crus get 100% of set price and other villages get decreased % of price from there. Revised in 1985 to 80-100% system, abolished entirely in 2000s
49
What is débourbage?
period of 8-15 hrs in which freshly pressed must is allowed to settle at a cool temp to remove the remaining solids (bourbes) via racking
50
How much pressure is in a bottle of Champagne?
5-6 atmospheres
51
What is min sur latte aging req's for NV champs?
12mo
52
What is unique about the handling of Bollinger's "RD" bottling?
"Recemment Dégorgé"
| kept sur point for a number of years and only disgorged to order
53
What is the name for the wire cage around a Champagne cork?
Muselet
54
What are total aging req's for NV and V champagnes?
NV= 15 mo (12 sur lie, 3btl)
| V=36 mo)
55
Which large format btl size of champagne has been discontinued? When?
Rheobaum (1989)
56
What are still wine AOPs of Champagne?
Rosé de Riceys=100% rosés from Les Riceys, cru village in Aube
Coteaux Champenois=R, W, R from whole AOP
57
What is the "Special Club?" When was it founded? Who are some notable producers?
A consortium of grower-produers fd. in 1971 to share marketing and packaging resources. Members must be Recolant-Manipulant and estate bottled. All growers prestige cuvées are in identical packaging. Also called Club Trésors. 27 members, including J Lassalle, Paul Bara, Goustan Chiquet, Pierre Gimmonet, Marc Hébrart
58
Altitude/climate/soil of Champagne?
Northerly, cool, continental
49th parallel
Chalk
59
Name the 7 Crémant AOPs of France
```
Cremant d'Alsace (Alsace)
Cremant de Jura (Jura)
Cremant de Bordeaux (Bordeaux)
Cremant de Loire (Loire)
Cremant de Bourgogne (Bourg.)
Cremant de Die (Rhône)
Cremant de Limoux (Languedoc)
```
60
Name regions of Champagne
```
Montagne de Reims
Vallée de la Marne
Côte de Blancs
Côte de Sezanne
Côte de Bars (Aube)
```
61
What is methode ancestrale?
Secondary fermentation begins in tank and ends in bottle
62
sweetness levels of Champagne?
```
Brut Nature/Natural/Zero (0)
Extra Brut (0-6)
Brut (0-12)
Extra Dry (12-17)
Sec (17-32)
Demi-Sec (32-50)
Doux (50+)
```
63
Champagne undergoes primary fermentation in what kind of vessel?
used oak or cement tanks (some producers use portion new oak)
64
Oldest house for still and sparkling champagne?
Gosset (1584) for still
| Ruinart (1729) for sparkling
65
How long does secondary fermentation last in Methode Champenois?
6-12 weeks
66
Define Autolysis?
the process of breaking down spend yeast cells in secondary fermentation
67
define liqueur de tirage?
mixture of still wine, yeast, and sugar added to Champagne to begin secondary fermentation
68
define assemblage
initial blending process of still wines destined to become champagne
69
define remuage/riddling?
process of moving spent yeast cells to the neck of the bottle of Champagne so they can be removed via degorgement. Hand performed by a remeur (riddler) or mechanically on a gyropalatte
70
How often are vintages declared in champagne
2-3 times a decade, each house decides to declare a vintage for themselves or not
71
must of champagne is often chapitalized? Fined/Filtered?
Yes
No
not universal rules
72
Define dosage. Also known as?
Addition of still wine and sugar added after degorgement used to determine final sweetness level of champagne. Also called "liqueur d'éxpedition"
73
Define pupitre
An A-frame rack used in hand-riddling process
74
What is the only region to exclude AOP from wine label?
Champagne
75
List sizes of Champagne bottles
```
Piccolo/Split (1/4)
Demi (1/2)
Magnum (2)
Jerobaum (4)
Rehobaum (6)
Methusalah (8)
Salamazar (12)
Balthazar (16)
Nebuchanezzar (20)
Solomon (24)
Primat (36)
```
M.y J.ohnson R.eally M.akes S.ense B.oys N.ever S.top P.artying
76
list steps of methode traditionelle
```
Pressings
Assemblage
Primary fermentation
Bottling
Liqueur de tirage
Secondary Fermentation
Sur latte aging
Remuage
Degorgement
Dosage
Corking
```
77
vintage champagne must be composed of what percentage of grapes from that vintage?
100%
78
```
Name Tete de Cuvees for:
Billecart-Salmon
Bollinger
Gosset
Krug
Pol Roger
Louis Roederer
Salon
Veuve Cliquot
Taittinger
Moet et Chandon
```
```
Grande Cuvée
Vieilles Vignes Française
Gosset
Clos de Mesnil, Clos d'Ambonnay
Sir Winston Churchill
Cristal
Les Mesnil (only cuvée)
La Grande Dame
Comtes de Champagne BdB
Dom Perignon (formerly, now own co.)
```
79
7 different styles of Champagne
```
NV
V
Rosé
BdB
BdN
tete de cuvée
single vineyard (clos)
```
80
define:
Vin de Cuvée
Vin de Taille
Rebêche
```
first pressing (2050 L)
second pressing (500 L)
third pressing (remaining 1-10% of pressing, sold for use in distillate production)
```
81
define prise de mousse
term for secondary fermentation
82
```
define following abbreviations:
NM
RM
CM
RC
SR
ND
MA
```
```
Negociant Manipulant (buys grapes an base wines)
Recolant Manipulant (owns 90% vineyard/grapes "grower")
Coperative Manipulant (growers co-op under 1 brand)
Recolant Cooperative (growers make wine under co-op but sell under own brand)
Societe de Recolants (union of growers that share resources and make wines collectively, sells multiple brands)
Negociant Distributor (middleman who sells wine he does not make)
Marque d'Acheteur (a business that buys wine and sells under own brand)
```
83
Who produces "Fine Fleur de Bouzy"
Baron Dauvergne (BdN)
84
What is the common barrel size of Champagne?
205L
85
Who makes Couer de Cuvée? Cépage?
Vilmart et Cie, 80/20 Chard/PN
86
Who produces Vielles Vignes Françaises? Cepage? Story? First vintage?
Bollinger
BdN
2 pre-phylloxera/ungrafted plots adjacent to the estate in Aÿ
1969
