Bring the Pagne Flashcards
What is Blocage and Deblocage?
the respective holding and releasing of reserve wines to blend a champagne each year. AOP reg. required min 20% blocage from each house every year.
What is a mono cru and mono parcelle champagne
cru=single village
parcelle=vineyard
What is MCR (Moüt Concentré et Rectifié)?
a concentrated and rectified grape must increasingly preferred by small growers over liqueur d’expedition
What are some notable 1er crus of Montagne de Reims?
Vrigny, Écueil, Trépail, Tauxières-Mutry
Notable 1er cru villages of Vallée de la Marne?
Hautvillers, Cúmieres, Dizy, Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
Notable 1er cru villages of Côte de Blancs?
Cuis, Vertus
What are the 2 types of chalkly soils in Champagne?
Mieraster Chalk (extinct sea urchins) Belemnite Chalk (extinct cephalopods)
What GC village if for red only? Which for white only?
R=Tours-sur-Marne (Marne)
W=Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
Who produces Clos de Gouisses? 1st vintage?
Philipponnat, 1935
Name GC villages of the Montagne de Reims? How many?
9 Sillery Puisiuex Beaumont-sur-Vesie Verzenay Mailly-Champagne Verzy Louvois Bouzy Ambonnay
Name GC villages of the Vallée de la Marne? How many?
2
Aÿ
Tours-sur-Aÿ
Name GC villages of Côte des Blancs? How many?
6 Chouilly (whites only) Oiry Cramant Avize Oger Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger
Which GC villages were added afte 1985?
Verzy (Reims) Chouilly (CdB) Oiry (CdB) Oger (CdB) Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger (CdB)
Which 1er cru villages of Champagne are historically 99% Echelle de Crus?
Tauxieres
Marueil sur Aÿ
How much is a “mare” of grapes?
How much juice may be extracted from a mare?
How much is then divided into vin de cuvée and vin de taille?
4,000 kg
2,550 L total
2050 vin de cuvée, 500 vin de taille
what is minimum must weight in Champagne?
143 g/L
What is a Bidule?
plastic cap under crown cap used to capture sediment during remuage
What is the dominant soil type of the Aube?
Clay
Which Champagne cru has all 7 varieties in it?
“les 7” by Laherte Frères
What is Fromenteau?
Pinot Gris in Champagne
What 2 cuvées are produced by Marie Courtin? What are their assemblages and aging regime?
Resonance and Efflorescence
both 100% single vineyard
Resonance all aneorobic, Efflorescence in wood
What is Vin Clair?
What is its approx. abv?
What is the min RS?
Base wines of champagne that have not undergone 2nd fermentation
approx 11% abv
10g/L
What mono parcelle champagne is produced by Billecart-Salmon? Cepage and first vintagee?
“Clos-St-Hilaire” (in Mareuil-sur-Aÿ) 100% PN, first vint. 1995
What is mono parcelle of Agrapart et Fils? Cepage and first vintage?
“Vénus” (Avize) 100% chardonnay
what is a mono parcelle of Egly-Ouriet? Cepage and first vintage?
“Les Crayères” (Ambonnay), 100% PN, first vint 1989
Name two mono parcelles of Jacquesson? Cepage and first vintage?
“Dizy Carne Boutray” (Dizy) 100% Chard, 1995
“Avize Champ Cain” (Avize) 100% Chard, 2002
Name 2 mono parcelles of Krug? Cepage and first vintage?
“Clos du Mesnil” (Le Mesnil-sur-Oger) 100% Chard, 1979
“Clos d’Ambonnay” (Ambonnay) 100% PN, 1995
Name mono parcelle of Pierre Peters? Cepage and first vintage?
“Cuvée Speciale les Chetillons” (Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger) 100% Chard, 2000
Name tete de cuvées for Ayala Deutz Duval Leroy Gosset Henriot Laurent-Perrier
Cuvée Perle d'Ayala Cuvée William Deutz, Amor de Deutz Femme de Champagne Celebris Cuvée des Enchanteleurs Grande Siecle
Who makes Champagne Charlie? Final vintage?
Charles Heidsieck (1985)
Which river runs through Mont. de Reims?
Vesle River
Which 2 rivers cut through Côte de Bars?
Aube in NE
Seine in SW
Name top vintages of Champagne pre 1970
1914, 1921, 1949, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1966
Name top vintages of Champagne in; 70s? 80s? 90s? 00s?
71, 75, 76, 79
81,82, 85, 88
90, 96
02, 08
What are some of the worst vintages of Champagne history? Also in 90s? And 2000s?
72, 77, 84
91, 94, 97 (so-so)
01, 03
*so shitty there was no declared vintage!
Who was cellar master of Abbey of Hautvillers from 1668-1715?
Dom Perignon
What is Veuve Cliquot’s full name?
Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin
Which house created the first brut bottling? Which year?
Pommery (1874)
What year was Champagne initially delimited? What year was the Aube reinstated?
1911
1927
How many villages are authorized to grow grapes for Champagne?
357
Who is Otto Kleinbasch?
German appointed overseer of wine trade between France and Germany during WWII. Placed high demands on production of Champagne, nicknamed “Weinfüher”
What are the 7 grapes of champagne? Which is most planted? Which are no longer authorized for new plantings?
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir (most planted), Pinot Meunier
*Petit Meselir, *Pinot Blanc Vrai, *Arbane, *Pinot Gris
*no new plantings
What is average vine age in Champagne?
Which 4 pruning methods are allowed?
20yrs
Cordon de Royat, Chablis, Vallée de la Marne, Guyot (double or simple)
Which 3 villages house the majority of the larger Champagne firms?
Reims, Aÿ, Épernay
Which grapes of Champagne are most planted in which regions?
Pinot Noir (Mont. de Reims, Aube)
Chard (Côte de Sezanne, Côte de Blancs)
Meunier (Vallée de la Marne)
How many GC and 1er cru villages are there in Champagne
17 GC cru
42 1er cru
What is the CIVC?
Regulatory body overseeing relations between growers and produers
Regulates harvest size, blocage/deblocage levels
Historically set the prices through Échelle de Crus %=$ system (GC=100% of set price)
What is the Échelle de Crus?
Price setting system for growers in Champagne. 100% rating system in which GC crus get 100% of set price and other villages get decreased % of price from there. Revised in 1985 to 80-100% system, abolished entirely in 2000s
What is débourbage?
period of 8-15 hrs in which freshly pressed must is allowed to settle at a cool temp to remove the remaining solids (bourbes) via racking
How much pressure is in a bottle of Champagne?
5-6 atmospheres
What is min sur latte aging req’s for NV champs?
12mo
What is unique about the handling of Bollinger’s “RD” bottling?
“Recemment Dégorgé”
kept sur point for a number of years and only disgorged to order
What is the name for the wire cage around a Champagne cork?
Muselet
What are total aging req’s for NV and V champagnes?
NV= 15 mo (12 sur lie, 3btl)
V=36 mo)
Which large format btl size of champagne has been discontinued? When?
Rheobaum (1989)
What are still wine AOPs of Champagne?
Rosé de Riceys=100% rosés from Les Riceys, cru village in Aube
Coteaux Champenois=R, W, R from whole AOP
What is the “Special Club?” When was it founded? Who are some notable producers?
A consortium of grower-produers fd. in 1971 to share marketing and packaging resources. Members must be Recolant-Manipulant and estate bottled. All growers prestige cuvées are in identical packaging. Also called Club Trésors. 27 members, including J Lassalle, Paul Bara, Goustan Chiquet, Pierre Gimmonet, Marc Hébrart
Altitude/climate/soil of Champagne?
Northerly, cool, continental
49th parallel
Chalk
Name the 7 Crémant AOPs of France
Cremant d'Alsace (Alsace) Cremant de Jura (Jura) Cremant de Bordeaux (Bordeaux) Cremant de Loire (Loire) Cremant de Bourgogne (Bourg.) Cremant de Die (Rhône) Cremant de Limoux (Languedoc)
Name regions of Champagne
Montagne de Reims Vallée de la Marne Côte de Blancs Côte de Sezanne Côte de Bars (Aube)
What is methode ancestrale?
Secondary fermentation begins in tank and ends in bottle
sweetness levels of Champagne?
Brut Nature/Natural/Zero (0) Extra Brut (0-6) Brut (0-12) Extra Dry (12-17) Sec (17-32) Demi-Sec (32-50) Doux (50+)
Champagne undergoes primary fermentation in what kind of vessel?
used oak or cement tanks (some producers use portion new oak)
Oldest house for still and sparkling champagne?
Gosset (1584) for still
Ruinart (1729) for sparkling
How long does secondary fermentation last in Methode Champenois?
6-12 weeks
Define Autolysis?
the process of breaking down spend yeast cells in secondary fermentation
define liqueur de tirage?
mixture of still wine, yeast, and sugar added to Champagne to begin secondary fermentation
define assemblage
initial blending process of still wines destined to become champagne
define remuage/riddling?
process of moving spent yeast cells to the neck of the bottle of Champagne so they can be removed via degorgement. Hand performed by a remeur (riddler) or mechanically on a gyropalatte
How often are vintages declared in champagne
2-3 times a decade, each house decides to declare a vintage for themselves or not
must of champagne is often chapitalized? Fined/Filtered?
Yes
No
not universal rules
Define dosage. Also known as?
Addition of still wine and sugar added after degorgement used to determine final sweetness level of champagne. Also called “liqueur d’éxpedition”
Define pupitre
An A-frame rack used in hand-riddling process
What is the only region to exclude AOP from wine label?
Champagne
List sizes of Champagne bottles
Piccolo/Split (1/4) Demi (1/2) Magnum (2) Jerobaum (4) Rehobaum (6) Methusalah (8) Salamazar (12) Balthazar (16) Nebuchanezzar (20) Solomon (24) Primat (36)
M.y J.ohnson R.eally M.akes S.ense B.oys N.ever S.top P.artying
list steps of methode traditionelle
Pressings Assemblage Primary fermentation Bottling Liqueur de tirage Secondary Fermentation Sur latte aging Remuage Degorgement Dosage Corking
vintage champagne must be composed of what percentage of grapes from that vintage?
100%
Name Tete de Cuvees for: Billecart-Salmon Bollinger Gosset Krug Pol Roger Louis Roederer Salon Veuve Cliquot Taittinger Moet et Chandon
Grande Cuvée Vieilles Vignes Française Gosset Clos de Mesnil, Clos d'Ambonnay Sir Winston Churchill Cristal Les Mesnil (only cuvée) La Grande Dame Comtes de Champagne BdB Dom Perignon (formerly, now own co.)
7 different styles of Champagne
NV V Rosé BdB BdN tete de cuvée single vineyard (clos)
define:
Vin de Cuvée
Vin de Taille
Rebêche
first pressing (2050 L) second pressing (500 L) third pressing (remaining 1-10% of pressing, sold for use in distillate production)
define prise de mousse
term for secondary fermentation
define following abbreviations: NM RM CM RC SR ND MA
Negociant Manipulant (buys grapes an base wines) Recolant Manipulant (owns 90% vineyard/grapes "grower") Coperative Manipulant (growers co-op under 1 brand) Recolant Cooperative (growers make wine under co-op but sell under own brand) Societe de Recolants (union of growers that share resources and make wines collectively, sells multiple brands) Negociant Distributor (middleman who sells wine he does not make) Marque d'Acheteur (a business that buys wine and sells under own brand)
Who produces “Fine Fleur de Bouzy”
Baron Dauvergne (BdN)
What is the common barrel size of Champagne?
205L
Who makes Couer de Cuvée? Cépage?
Vilmart et Cie, 80/20 Chard/PN
Who produces Vielles Vignes Françaises? Cepage? Story? First vintage?
Bollinger
BdN
2 pre-phylloxera/ungrafted plots adjacent to the estate in Aÿ
1969
