populations and sustainability

Question 1

what are stages of population growth curve

Answer 1

1) slow growth ( lag phase)
2) rapid growth ( log phase)
3) stable ( stationary phase)

Question 2

what does lag phase and log phase show

Answer 2

birth rate > death rate

Question 3

what does stationary phase show

Answer 3

birth rate equal to death rate

Question 4

what are biotic factors which cause stability

Answer 4

predation
competition
diseases

Question 5

what are abiotic factors which cause stationary

Answer 5

humidity
ph
light
temperature
o2 and h2o availability

Question 6

what is carrying capacity

Answer 6

maximum population size that environment can support

Question 7

what other factors affect population size

Answer 7

migration - immigration and emigration
density-independent factors ( natural disasters)

Question 8

what are density independent factors

Answer 8

factors that affect population size despite initial size

Question 9

what is interspecific competition

Answer 9

competition between different species

Question 10

what is intraspecific competition

Answer 10

competition within same species

Question 11

why does a graph with number of organisms over time fluctuate

Answer 11

1) resources in excess so enough for all so population size increases
2) population increases so resources begin to decrease so not enough resources for all therefore population decreases
3) as population decreases there will be more resources available again enough for all so population size increases again

Question 12

what is the relationship between predator and prey

Answer 12

1)as prey population increases more food for predator
2) predator population therefore increases so more prey get eaten
3) prey population decreases so less food for predators
4)predator population decreases so less prey gets eaten
5) prey population increases

Question 13

what is the importance of conservation

Answer 13

economic - provide resources
social - relaxation
ethical - right to exist

Question 14

what is the aim of conservation

Answer 14

sustainable development
maintain biodiversity

Question 15

what is preservation

Answer 15

protection of an area by reducing human interference

Question 16

what is aim of preservation

Answer 16

protect environmentally sensitive ecosystems such as antartica and galapagos islands
maintain biodiversity

Question 17

what are the aims of sustainability

Answer 17

ensure enough resources for future generations
enable LEDCs to develop
balance consumption of resources between MEDCs and LEDCs
preserve environment

Question 18

what are small scale timber production

Answer 18

rotational coppicing - easy and quick. Trunk cut from near base of tree so more branches coming from cut so more wood.
pollarding - cutting trunk so it regrows with more shoots

Question 19

what are advantages of coppicing

Answer 19

grows more branches
less sunlight blocked so no succession so maintains biodiversity

Question 20

what is advantages of pollarding

Answer 20

cut higher up to avoid herbivores

Question 21

what are large scale timber production

Answer 21

felling of large areas of forests

Question 22

what are disadvantage of large scale timber production

Answer 22

tree will not regrow so not sustainable and may cause soil erosion

Question 23

how is large scale timber production controlled

Answer 23

ensure protected area for locals
selecting cutting
replant trees at optimal distances to avoid competition
manage pests and pathogens

Question 24

what are methods for sustainable fishing

Answer 24

fishing quotas to avoid overfishing
use bigger net mesh so immature fish can escape can grow and reproduce
restrict fishing time of year to protect breading season
fish farming to maintain protein supply and prevent loss of wild species