POPULATION UNIT EXAM 2

Question 1

Specialist species

Answer 1

organisms with a really narrow chihe, or a narrow set of food or habitat requirements
- Panda
- Advantaged in stable ecosystems

Question 2

Generalist species

Answer 2

have a really broad ecological niche or range of food and habitat tolerance
- Can easily adapt
- Raccoons
- Advantages in changing environments

Question 3

R-selected

Answer 3

capable of a really high population growth rate
- reach sexual maturity quickly
- Little to no parental care
- Produce large numbers of offspring
- High population growth rate

Question 4

K-selective

Answer 4

typically live in populations that are at or near carrying capacity
- usually mammals
- Slow to reach sexual maturity
- Few offspring at a time
- Longer life spans
- High levels of parental care

Question 5

Biotic potential

Answer 5

maximum number of offspring a species can produce in favorable condition

Question 6

Survivorship

Answer 6

percentage of individuals of a given species that are still surviving at any point in the typical lifespan of that species

Question 7

Overshoot

Answer 7

an increase above the carrying capacity

Question 8

Die off

Answer 8

a decrease in a population when an overshoot happens

Question 9

How do you find percent growth rate?

Answer 9

(CBR - CDR) / 10

Question 10

How do you find the doubling time?

Answer 10

70 / r growth rate %

Question 11

Rapid Growth on population pyramid

Answer 11

• Always will be seen as wide at the bottom to very narrow at the top.
• Shows a high birth rate and a shorter lifespan.
• This is usually seen in developing nations.

Question 12

Slow growth in population pyramids

Answer 12

• The birth rate is still slightly higher than the death rate.
• It shows that the country is still growing, just not at a rapid rate.

Question 13

Stable growth in population pyramids

Answer 13

• The birth and death rates are similar.
• It can be seen as a straight line.
• The growth rate is close to zero.

Question 14

Declining in population pyramid

Answer 14

• The base is narrower than the top.
• The birth rate is declining while the average lifespan is increasing in a country.

Question 15

Stage 1 of DTM

Answer 15

High Stationary Stage:
- Pre-Industrial life and mainly relies on farming
- The birth rate and death rate is high
- The natural rate of increase is close to zero
- No country is in this state
- Example: Indigenous groups in the Amazon

Question 16

Stage 2 of DTM

Answer 16

Early Expanding Stage:
- Beginnings of industrialization
- Birth rate remains high
- The death rate starts to fall rapidly
- More access to food and vaccination
- The population increases rapidly
- Sees the emergence of grandparents
- Examples: Niger, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, etc.

Question 17

Stage 3 of DTM

Answer 17

Late Expanding Stage:
- Continuation of industrialization and a growing economy
- The birth rate starts to decrease but is still higher than the death rate
- The death rate continues to fall down at a slower rate
- The natural increase starts to slow down
- The population is still growing
- The country starts becoming industrialized
- Total fertility rate goes down
- Examples: Mexico, India, Colombia, South Africa, etc.

Question 18

Stage 4 of DTM

Answer 18

Low Stationary Stage:
- The country is mainly industrialized
- The birth rates and death rates have become low
- The population of the country rises and then becomes stable
- Diseases of old age are to be worried in this stage
- Examples: China, Brazil, the United States, Argentina, etc.

Question 19

Stage 5 of DTM

Answer 19

Natural Decrease Stage:
- The birth rate is decreasing
- The death rate is now higher than the birth rate
- The population of the country is now slowly declining
- Examples: Japan, Germany, Estonia, Ukraine, etc.

Question 20

Uniform distribution

Answer 20

roughly equal space between each individual in the population

Question 21

Clumped distribution

Answer 21

animals that form herds, or schools, or ods for protection from predators