Population & Migration

Question 1

What is a natural increase and when does it occur?

Answer 1

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, the population will have a natural increase.

Question 2

What is a natural decrease and when does it occur?

Answer 2

When the death rate is higher than the birth rate, the population will have a natural decrease.

Question 3

What is a birth rate?

Answer 3

The number of live births per thousand of the population in one year

Question 4

What is a death rate?

Answer 4

The number of deaths per thousand of the population in one year

Question 5

List some factors that influence population change

Answer 5

Food, globalisation, war, education, place of women in society, technology, health

Question 6

How do the following influence population change?

Health, food, education

Answer 6

Health:
Improvements in vaccinations and antibodies have helped people to survive many illnesses that were once fatal. Access to doctors and proper medical care have also had a positive impact. As death rates decline, populations grow. In some developing countries, such diseases as measles and gastroenteritis can still be fatal.
Food:
The agricultural revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries had a direct impact on population growth. Machinery and new farming methods such as crop rotation and selective breeding meant farmers could produce larger quantities of food. The use of fertilisers improved crop production, leading to an increase in food supply and a decrease in the incidence of famine.
Education:
Higher levels of education can lead to a decrease in both birth and death rates. The more educated people are, the more likely they will understand and take part in family planning. Education also enables people to make good choices in relation to diet, personal hygiene and sanitation. This can help children to grow up healthy and live longer lives.

Question 7

What type of graph is used to show population structure?

Answer 7

The population structure of a country can be displayed using a population pyramid.

Question 8

List the different types of population pyramids and what they describe.

Answer 8

Expansive:
Used to describe populations that are young and growing. Look like a typical pyramid with a broad base and narrow top. Usually associated with slowly developing countries.
Constrictive:
Used to describe populations that are becoming old and shrinking. Can look like beehives. Usually associated with rapidly developing countries.
Stationary:
Used to describe populations that are not growing. Can have equal percentages across the age groups. Narrow towards the top. Usually associated with developed countries.

Question 9

Migrant definition

Answer 9

A person who moves from one place to another to find work or better living conditions.

Question 10

Immigrant definition

Answer 10

A person who comes to live in a foreign country

Question 11

Emigrant definition

Answer 11

A person who leaves their own country to live in another

Question 12

Refugee definition

Answer 12

An immigrant given special permission to live in another country because of war, natural disaster or persecution (bad treatment)

Question 13

Asylum seeker definition

Answer 13

An immigrant looking to be accepted as a refugee in another country.

Question 14

Internally displaced person definition

Answer 14

A person forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country’s borders.

Question 15

Forced migration definition

Answer 15

When someone is forced to move due to war or famine

Question 16

Individual migration definition

Answer 16

When a person moves from one country or district to another

Question 17

Organised migration definition

Answer 17

Planned migrations of people carried out by governments or other agencies.

Question 18

List some push, pull factors and barriers to migration

Answer 18

Push factors:
War, natural disasters, lack of amenities, religious, racial or political persecution, unemployment, bad social life, poor standard of living,
Pull factors:
Better job opportunities, better facilities, hobbies, freedom, climate, improved housing, education, safety, good social life, better healthcare,
Barriers to migration:
Costs of travel, family members, friends, fear of the unknown,

Question 19

Example of organised migration

Answer 19

The Ulster plantation

Question 20

Positives of migration for the migrant

Answer 20

It can provide a supply of low-cost workers for some countries.
Upon return, migrants bring new skills to the country such as the ability to speak foreign languages. These new skills can help to improve the economy in the country of origin of the migrant.
Emigrant workers may send money home to family in their home nations, which can be an important source of income to these countries.
The creation of a multi-ethnic society increases understanding and tolerance of other cultures.

Question 21

negatives of migration for the migrant

Answer 21

Immigrants can face discrimination, or be accused of lowering wages or of being associated with crime.
Emigration can lead to a loss of well-educated young people. This can have negative impacts on population growth and development in the country of origin.
Migration of men/women and young families can cause a loss of cultural leadership and traditions in the country of origin.