-----------Human development and development assistance Flashcards
What is human development?
Human development is the process of increasing people’s freedoms and opportunities while also improving their well-being. It is the freedom for people to decide who to be, what to do and how to live. e.e improving a population’s access to healthcare and education will improve their standard of living.
What is used to measure the human development of a country and what is its scale?
The Human Development Index (HDI) is used to measure the human development of a country. This index goes from 0-1. The lowest levels of human development are closer to 0 and the higher levels are closer to 1.
What three main indicators decides the level of human development of a country?
Life expectancy, education and income levels.
What is aid?
Aid refers to a donation of resources by one government or non-government organisation (NGO) to a country experiencing short or long term need.
In what form can donations of resources be in?
These resources can be in the form of food, people with skills, money, technology or emergency supplies.
What are the 3 sources of need? Explain them
Non-government aid: is assistance provided by NGOs, such as trócaire. the money for this aid is mainly provided by public donations from individuals and businesses.
Bilateral aid: is assistance given by a government directly to the government of another country.
Multilateral aid: also called official development assistance, is assistance provided by multiple governments to international organisations that decide where and when aid is distributed in developing countries.
What are the four types of aid?
- Emergency or short-term aid:
The immediate provision of food, water and emergency shelter. - Conditional or tied aid:
When the government of one country donates money or resources to the government of another country (bilateral aid), but with conditions attached; these conditions will often be in the more developed country’s favours. - Untied aid:
Assitance (in money form) given to developing countries by governments (bilateral aid) without conditions attached, which can be used to purchase goods and services in virtually all countries. - Long term or developmental aid:
Involves providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development
What is Irish Aid? What is Irish Aid an example of?
Irish Aid, which supports work in a large number of countries throughout the developing world. Its main focus is on sub-Saharan Africa and Vietnam. Irish Aid provides untied aid.
What does Irish Aid do to help human development?
It promotes gender equality, supports poor communities to better cope with the impacts of climate change, it works to ensure that poor people have access to health facilities, works to improve the access and quality of education for all, supports developing countries in achieving sustainable economic growth and it is committed to eradicating poverty and hunger.
Advantages of Aid
Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives.
Aid helps rebuild housing and industry after a disaster.
Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment can improve health and standards of living.
Aid in the form of resources helps people to help themselves.
Disadvantages of aid
Aid can increase the dependency of developing countries on donor countries.
Aid may not reach the people who need it most due to corruption.
Aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country.
Aid in the form of defence helps countries defend their borders and keep order in times of emergency. If not properly monitored, it may become corrupt, with innocent people being affected and countries falling under the rule of dictators.
What is intermediate technology?
It is providing appropriate technology to a country that can significantly help its human development.
What can technology be used to improve?
Health services, farming techniques and water supplies for developing countries.
