Population Flashcards
Population
What two factors affect population size?
Birth rate and death rate
Population
What is birth rate?
Number of live babies born per thousand of population per year.
Population
What is death rate?
Number of deaths per thousand of population per year.
Population
What is natural increase?
When birth rate is higher than rate of death, so population grows.
Population
What is a natural decrease?
When death rate is higher than birth rate.
Population
What other factor also affects population size?
Migration - number of people moving from one area to another.
Population
What stages are poor countries at on the DTM?
Earlier stages
Population
What stages are richer, more developed countries at on the DTM?
Later stages
Population
What does DTM stand for?
Demographic Transition Model
Population
How is population growth described?
Exponential
Population
What factors can increase population?
Better health care
Better sanitation
More babies being born
Population
What factors can cause the population to decrease?
Contraception
Limits to baby numbers
Economic development
Population
What is population growth rate?
Number of people added to, or lost from population each year as a result of natural increase/migration.
Population
What is sustainable development?
Meeting the needs of the population without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Population
What are young dependents
Those under the age of 15
Population
What are working population or those economically active?
Those aged 15-64
Population
What are elderly dependents?
Those 65+
Population
What is the dependency ratio?
A measure of the number of working people and those dependent on them.
(Kids + elderly) / working population x 100
Population
What is a pro natalist strategy?
Encourages people to have more babies so the population structure is altered.
Population
What is migration?
The movement of people from one place to another
Population
What is a migrant?
A person who moves from one country to another
Population
What is the source country?
Where the migrants originally come from
Population
What is the host country?
The country the migrant goes to
Population
What is an economic migrant?
People who move to another country to earn money
Population
What is a refugee?
Factors like conflict, drought, poverty, corruption and lack of jobs forces people to leave their homes.
Population
What are push factors?
Negatives like war or natural disaster which force people to leave a country
Population
What are pull factors?
Positives such as job opportunities and better living standard which entices people to a country.
Population
What is stage one of the DTM?
High BR due to lack of contraception. Parents want lots of children to work land. High DR due to famine, disease, poor hygiene and lack of doctors.
Population
When was the UK at stage 1 DTM?
Pre 1780
Population
Which country is at stage 1 of the DTM?
Ethiopia
Population
What is stage 2 of the DTM?
BR still high - lots of kids born but die young. Religion influences many. DR reduces - improved healthcare and water/food.
Population
When was the UK at stage 2 of the DTM?
1770 - 1880
Population
What country is at stage 2 of the DTM?
Bolivia and India
Population
What is stage 3 of the DTM?
BR declines due to increased access to contraception. More children survive. DR reduces - improved sanitation, vaccination and surgery.
Population
When was the UK at stage 3 of the DTM?
1880 - 1940
Population
Which country is at stage 3 of the DTM?
China
Population
What is stage 4 of the DTM?
BR stays low (birth control and survival rates). DR remains low due to quality healthcare.
Population
When was the UK at stage 4 of the DTM?
After 1940
Population
Which country is at stage 4 of the DTM?
USA and Canada
Population
What is stage 5 of the DTM?
BR very low. Country has low fertility - focus on careers. DR rises. Total population decreasing.
Population
When did the Uk reach stage 5 of the DTM?
From 2000
Population
Which country is at stage 5 of the DTM?
Germany
Population
How is a population pyramid different for MEDCs and LEDCs?
LEDCs have a pyramid shape getting smaller towards top, whereas MEDC is more rectangular and varies band width.
Population
What is the freedom of women called?
Emancipation
Population
What are some of the effects of a ageing population?
Less people economically active. More pensions needed. Less care available for elderly. Strain on resources. Medical care focused on elderly.
Population
What are some of the push factors for economic migrants leaving a country?
Unemployment.
Low wages.
Population
Describe two ways migration within the EU can have a positive effect on countries such as the UK.
Migrants from Poland give the UK economy a boost of £4 million and a larger tax base. Migrants reduce recruitment difficulties by providing a skilled workforce that is young.
