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Geography > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

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1
Q

Coasts

What is longshore drift?

A

Material being transported along the coast

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2
Q

Coasts

How does longshore drift work?

A

Waves follow prevailing wind. Hit coast at oblique angle. Swash carries material on beach in direction of wind, backwash carries material off beach at 90 degrees.

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3
Q

Coasts

What are the 4 processes of transportation?

A

Traction, saltation, solution and suspension

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4
Q

Coasts

What is traction?

A

Large particles (boulders) pushed along sea bed by force if water

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5
Q

Coasts

What is saltation?

A

Pebble sized particles bounced along sea bed by force of water

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6
Q

Coasts

What is suspension?

A

Small particles (silt/clay) carried along in sea water

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7
Q

Coasts

What is solution?

A

Soluble materials dissolve in sea water and carried along

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8
Q

Coasts

What is deposition?

A

When material carried by sea water is dropped on coast

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9
Q

Coasts

When do coasts build up?

A

When amount of deposition is higher than amount of erosion

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10
Q

Coasts

How is amount of deposition increased?

A

When lots of erosion elsewhere on coast - lots of material available.

When lots of transportation of material into an area

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11
Q

Coasts

What do low eve energy waves do?

A

(Slow) lots of deposition, less erosion

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12
Q

Coasts

What do constructive waves do?

A

Deposit more than erode. Break up on beach, build up beaches

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13
Q

Coasts

When are constructive waves created?

A

In calm weather

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14
Q

Coasts

What are the characteristics of constructive waves?

A

Stronger swash than backwash. Less powerful than destructive. Low, long wavelength. Low frequency (6-8 per minute).

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15
Q

Coasts

What is transportation?

A

The movement of material

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16
Q

Coasts

What is longshore drift?

A

Material being transported along the coast

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17
Q

Coasts

How does longshore drift work?

A

Waves follow prevailing wind. Hit coast at oblique angle. Swash carries material on beach in direction of wind, backwash carries material off beach at 90 degrees.

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18
Q

Coasts

What are the 4 processes of transportation?

A

Fractions, saltation, solution and suspension

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19
Q

Coasts

What is traction?

A

Large particles (boulders) pushed along sea bed by force if water

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20
Q

Coasts

What is saltation?

A

Pebble sized particles bounced along sea bed by force of water

21
Q

Coasts

What is suspension?

A

Small particles (silt/clay) carried along in sea water

22
Q

Coasts

What is solution?

A

Soluble materials dissolve in sea water and carried along

23
Q

Coasts

What is deposition?

A

When material carried by sea water is dropped on coast

24
Q

Coasts

When do coasts build up?

A

When amount of deposition is higher than amount of erosion

25
Q

Coasts

How is amount of deposition increased?

A

When lots of erosion elsewhere on coast - lots of material available.

When lots of transportation of material into an area

26
Q

Coasts

What do low eve energy waves do?

A

(Slow) lots of deposition, less erosion

27
Q

Coasts

What do constructive waves do?

A

Deposit more than erode. Break up on beach, build up beaches

28
Q

Coasts

When are constructive waves created?

A

In calm weather

29
Q

Coasts

What are the characteristics of constructive waves?

A

Stronger swash than backwash. Less powerful than destructive. Low, long wavelength. Low frequency (6-8 per minute).

30
Q

Coasts

What is transportation?

A

The movement of material

31
Q

Coasts

What is weathering?

A

Erosion of rocks in situ

32
Q

Coasts

What is erosion?

A

Wearing away of moving rocks

33
Q

Coasts

What are 3 examples of biological weathering?

A

Vegetation roots break up rocks.

Bird ps excrete on rocks - acidic.

Rabbit burrows loosen soil making inundation by water easier.

34
Q

Coasts

What is rainwater?

A

Carbonic acid (weak)

35
Q

Coasts

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Breakdown of rocks without changing chemical composition

36
Q

Coasts

What is chemical weathering?

A

Breakdown of rocks by changing chemical composition

37
Q

Coasts

What is carbonation?

A

Rainwater (carbonic acid) dissolves rocks e.g. Limestone or clay

38
Q

Coasts

What is freeze thaw weathering?

A

Temp alternatives above/below freezing. Frozen water expands in cracks and contracts when it thaws. Repeated expansion widens cracks/breaks rock.

39
Q

Coasts

What is hydration?

A

Rocks like clay swell and expand in rainwater (carbonic acid)

40
Q

Coasts

What is mass movement?

A

Shifting in rocks and loose materials down a slope when gravity acting ok slope is greater than force supporting it.

41
Q

Coasts

What is oxidation?

A

Some rocks react with air and break down

42
Q

Coasts

What does mass movement cause?

A

Coasts to retreat rapidly

43
Q

Coasts

What is sliding?

A

Material shifts in one sheer vertical piece (straight line), often quickly

44
Q

Coasts

When is mass movement most likely?

A

When material is full of water (lubricant)

45
Q

Coasts

What is slumping?

A

Water soaks through permeable top layer of sand and collects above impermeable layer. Lubricated layer causes slumping on a curved axis.

46
Q

Coasts

What do destructive waves do?

A

Carry out erosional processes

47
Q

Coasts

When do destructive waves occur?

A

When wave energy is high and wave has travelled over a long fetch

48
Q

Coasts

What are the characteristics of destructive waves?

A

High frequency (10-14 per min).
High and steep.
Short wavelength.
Backwash more powerful than swash.

49
Q

Coasts

How are destructive waves created?

A

In storm conditions when wind is powerful and blowing over long time.

Geography (34 decks)

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