Popper

Question 1

Neutral observation

Answer 1

According to Popper didn’t exist. You need a frame of reference to know what to look at (asked students, what did you see after just walking away)

Question 2

Falsificationism

Answer 2

View within philosophy of science that statements are only scientific if they can be falsified

Question 3

Hypothetico-dedutive model

Answer 3

Poppers scientific process model:

observation, interpretation, hypothesis, test and back

Question 4

Degrees of falsifiability

Answer 4

The more falsifiable, the higher its status. Higher specificity and generalizability increases the falsifiability

Question 5

Theory generation

Answer 5

First to accept scientific explanations could be wrong. No guarantee of correctness (critical rationalist). Induction is impossible.

Question 6

Demarcation criteria

Answer 6

Proposes falsification criteria. Theories can be compared by degrees of falsifiability.

Question 7

Problems w falsificationism

Answer 7

No clear distinction between better/less supported theories. The best a theory can be is ‘not yet refuted’ and problems w deduction (QD test).

Also, researchers don’t like refuting theories. it’s a normative theory but the norms aren’t lived by

Question 8

Quine-Duhem test

Answer 8

If a prediction does not come true, it’s unclear which assumption is proven wrong. Could be the test, measure, etc. Never one theory tested in isolation, it’s a combo of hypotheses that have to hold. You don’t know which is falsified.