Popliteal Fossa, Vessels, and Nerves of the Leg and Dorsum of the Foot Flashcards
boundaries of popliteal fossa
superolateral - biceps femoris tendon
superomedial - semimembranosus
inferolateral - lateral head of gastrocnemius
onferomedial - medial head of gastrocnemius
roof - popliteal fascia of fascia lata
floor - posterior surface of capsule of knee and popliteus muscle
contents of popliteal fossa
termination of posterior fermoral cutaneous nerve
division of sciatic nerve into tibial and common fibular
muscular and cutaneous branhes of tibial nerve
cutaneous braches of common fibular nerve
popliteal vein and tributaries
popliteal arteries and branches
popliteal lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and fat
superficial to deep in popliteal fossa?
nerves, veins, arteries
popliteal artery
direct continuation of femoral artery after emerges from adductor hiatus
deepest of vascular structures in popliteal fossa
terminates at inferior border of popliteus
genicular anastomosis**
won’t ask about the ten arteries
- will be some lab with some arteries tagged
- on written maybe something in principal about it
branches of popliteal artery
lateral and medial superior genicular artery
lateral and medial inferior genicular artery
middle genicular artery
sural branches
how many genicular arteries?
5
**like 5 spots on a die
lateral and medial superior genicular artery
come off above heads of gastrocneius
deep to hamstring muscles***
in fat
lateral and medial inferior geniuclar arteries
deep to heads of gastrocnemius
in fascia
middle genicular artery
arises from anterior surface ad passes through capsule of knee to medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle
sural branches
pass directly into lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle
there is 2 of them
sural area
back of lower leg
crural area
front of lower leg
dissect gastroc where?
below the vasculature
bifurcation of popliteal artery?
posterior and anterior tibial arteries
anterior tibial artery
passes above origin of tibialis posterior muscle and interossesous membrane to gain entrance to anterior compartment of leg
posterior tibial recurrent
posterior branch of anterior tibial artery
ascends and joins the genicular anastamosis
circumflex fibular artery
encircles head of fibula to join genicular anastamosis
variable in origin
-from distal popliteal artery or proximal of either anterior or posterior tibial artery
anterior branches of anterior tibial artery?
anterior tibial recurrent
medial and lateral malleolar branches
dorsalis pedis
terminal branch of anterior tibial artery as it passes inferior to superficial extensor retinaculum
branches of dorsalis pedis?
lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate artery
first dorsal metatarsal artery
deep plantar artery
how do dorsal metatarsal arteries communicate?
via perforating arteries with plantar circulation
branches of dorsalis pedis?
lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate artery
first dorsal metatarsal artery
deep plantar artery
posterior tibial artery
one of two terminal branches of popliteal artery
- deep to soleus
- goes within substance of flexor hallucis longus
branches of posterior tibial artery
circumflex fibular artery fibular artery communicating branch posterior medial malleolar medial calcaneal arteries medial and lateral plantar arteries
circumflex fibular artery
variabble
fibular artery
provides major blood supply to lateral crural compartment
branches from proximal portion of the posterior tibial artery and passes laterally
branches: muscular nutrient artery communicating branches perforating arteries posterior lateral malleolar artery (terminal branch)
posterior tibial artery?
one of two terminal branches of popliteal artery
courses inferiorly deep to soleus occupying a more or less central position in the leg
passes behind medial malleolus between tibial nerve and tendon of flexor digitorum longus to reach plantar surface of foot***
genicular anastomisis
rich blood supply to capsule of knee joint as well as surrounding muscles
-composed of ten vessels arising from: lateral femoral circumflex artery femoral artery popliteal artery anterior and posterior tibial artery
has superficial and deep plexus***
superficial plexus
blood to muscles in area of knee
deep plexus
lies directly upon capsule of knee joint
knee joint
biggest synovial joint in body
- needs a lot of synovial fluid
- therefore needs lots of synovial membrane
sacral plexus
larger sciatic nerve
-has tibial and common fibular nerve components
common fibular is lateral**
tibial is medial**
common fibular nerve
L4,5 S1,2
courses superficially and laterally within popliteal fossa
provides lateral sural cutaneous nerve to posterior leg while in popliteal fossa
continues to follow course of biceps femoris tendon to head of fibula
common fibular nerve pierces fibularis longus muscle inferior to head of fibula where it divides to:
superficial and deep fibular nerves
tibial nerve
L4,5 S1,2,3
-superficial and central in popliteal fossa
- branches to plantaris and gastrocnemius as wlel as cutaneous nerve to posterior leg:
- medial sural cutaneous nerve
sural communicating nerve
from lateral sural nerve to medial sural cutaneous nerves
-will unites medial sural nerve and sural communicating nerve to form the sural nerve
fibula
not weight bearing but easy to damage (superficial)
lateral and medial tarsal artery
course deep to extensor digitorum brevis along the lateral and medial sides of dorsum of the foot
participate in malleolar network
acruate artery
courses laterally across bases of the metatarsals and gives rise to metatarsal arteries 2,3,4 which subsequently give rise to dorsal digital arteries
anastomose with lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries
first dorsal metatarsal artery
one of terminal branches of the dorsalis pedia
courses in first metatarsal space and terminates by forming digital arteries on contiguous surfaces of first and second toes
deep plantar artery
also a terminal branch of dorsalis pedis artery
penetrates first metatarsal space to anastomose with plantar arterial arch
superficial fibular nerve
L5 S12
descends along the fibula between the muscles of lateral and anterior compartments
provides muscular branches to fibularis longus and brevis
becomes superficial in distal third of leg to innervate the anterior distal third of leg and divide into medial and intermediate and dorsal cutaneous nerves which provide dorsal digital branches to all toes
superficial fibular nerve has muscular branches to what?
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
deep fibular nerve
L45
branch from common fibular nerve within substance of the fibularis longus muscle at the lateral neck of the fibula
passes into anterior compartment by piercing extensor digitorum muscle
descends anterior compartment lateral to anterior tibial artery and veins
innervates everything in the anterior compartment
branch of deep fibular nerve
lateral branch - deep to extensor digitorum brevis muscle and contributes sensory fibers to joints of foot
medial branch - follows course of first dorsal metatarsal artery to cutaneously innervate web between first and second toes
tibial nerve
L45 S123
located superficially and centrally within popliteal fossa
in popliteal fossa - branches to plantaris and gastrocnemius (sural branches) as well as a cutaneous neve to posterior leg (medial sural cutaneous nerve)
what gives rise to medial sural cutaneous nerve
tibial nerve
medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve?
fuse via communicating branch of lateral sural cutaneous nerve
-forms sural nerve
sural nerve
provides lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve to lateral surface of foot and fifth digit and lateraal calcaneal branch to lateral posterior surface of heel
tibial nerve innervation?
all posterior leg muscles
structures passing the flexor retinaculum?
anteromedial to posteromedial
Tom, Dick, ANd Harry
tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery with veins tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus
saphenous nerve
distal most extension of femoral nerve
supplies cutaneous innervation to medial surface of foot and medial posterior surface of heel
