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MSS - MSK Exam 3 > Popliteal Fossa, Vessels, and Nerves of the Leg and Dorsum of the Foot > Flashcards

Popliteal Fossa, Vessels, and Nerves of the Leg and Dorsum of the Foot Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

superolateral - biceps femoris tendon
superomedial - semimembranosus
inferolateral - lateral head of gastrocnemius
onferomedial - medial head of gastrocnemius
roof - popliteal fascia of fascia lata
floor - posterior surface of capsule of knee and popliteus muscle

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2
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

termination of posterior fermoral cutaneous nerve
division of sciatic nerve into tibial and common fibular
muscular and cutaneous branhes of tibial nerve
cutaneous braches of common fibular nerve
popliteal vein and tributaries
popliteal arteries and branches
popliteal lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and fat

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3
Q

superficial to deep in popliteal fossa?

A

nerves, veins, arteries

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4
Q

popliteal artery

A

direct continuation of femoral artery after emerges from adductor hiatus

deepest of vascular structures in popliteal fossa

terminates at inferior border of popliteus

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5
Q

genicular anastomosis**

A

won’t ask about the ten arteries

  • will be some lab with some arteries tagged
  • on written maybe something in principal about it
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6
Q

branches of popliteal artery

A

lateral and medial superior genicular artery
lateral and medial inferior genicular artery
middle genicular artery

sural branches

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7
Q

how many genicular arteries?

A

5

**like 5 spots on a die

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8
Q

lateral and medial superior genicular artery

A

come off above heads of gastrocneius

deep to hamstring muscles***

in fat

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9
Q

lateral and medial inferior geniuclar arteries

A

deep to heads of gastrocnemius

in fascia

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10
Q

middle genicular artery

A

arises from anterior surface ad passes through capsule of knee to medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle

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11
Q

sural branches

A

pass directly into lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle

there is 2 of them

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12
Q

sural area

A

back of lower leg

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13
Q

crural area

A

front of lower leg

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14
Q

dissect gastroc where?

A

below the vasculature

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15
Q

bifurcation of popliteal artery?

A

posterior and anterior tibial arteries

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16
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

passes above origin of tibialis posterior muscle and interossesous membrane to gain entrance to anterior compartment of leg

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17
Q

posterior tibial recurrent

A

posterior branch of anterior tibial artery

ascends and joins the genicular anastamosis

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18
Q

circumflex fibular artery

A

encircles head of fibula to join genicular anastamosis

variable in origin
-from distal popliteal artery or proximal of either anterior or posterior tibial artery

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19
Q

anterior branches of anterior tibial artery?

A

anterior tibial recurrent

medial and lateral malleolar branches

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20
Q

dorsalis pedis

A

terminal branch of anterior tibial artery as it passes inferior to superficial extensor retinaculum

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21
Q

branches of dorsalis pedis?

A

lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate artery
first dorsal metatarsal artery
deep plantar artery

22
Q

how do dorsal metatarsal arteries communicate?

A

via perforating arteries with plantar circulation

23
Q

branches of dorsalis pedis?

A

lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate artery
first dorsal metatarsal artery
deep plantar artery

24
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

one of two terminal branches of popliteal artery

  • deep to soleus
  • goes within substance of flexor hallucis longus
25
Q

branches of posterior tibial artery

A 
circumflex fibular artery
fibular artery
communicating branch
posterior medial malleolar
medial calcaneal arteries
medial and lateral plantar arteries
26
Q

circumflex fibular artery

A

variabble

27
Q

fibular artery

A

provides major blood supply to lateral crural compartment

branches from proximal portion of the posterior tibial artery and passes laterally

branches:
muscular
nutrient artery
communicating branches
perforating arteries
posterior lateral malleolar artery (terminal branch)
28
Q

posterior tibial artery?

A

one of two terminal branches of popliteal artery
courses inferiorly deep to soleus occupying a more or less central position in the leg

passes behind medial malleolus between tibial nerve and tendon of flexor digitorum longus to reach plantar surface of foot***

29
Q

genicular anastomisis

A

rich blood supply to capsule of knee joint as well as surrounding muscles

-composed of ten vessels arising from:
lateral femoral circumflex artery
femoral artery
popliteal artery
anterior and posterior tibial artery

has superficial and deep plexus***

30
Q

superficial plexus

A

blood to muscles in area of knee

31
Q

deep plexus

A

lies directly upon capsule of knee joint

32
Q

knee joint

A

biggest synovial joint in body

  • needs a lot of synovial fluid
  • therefore needs lots of synovial membrane
33
Q

sacral plexus

A

larger sciatic nerve
-has tibial and common fibular nerve components

common fibular is lateral**
tibial is medial**

34
Q

common fibular nerve

A

L4,5 S1,2
courses superficially and laterally within popliteal fossa

provides lateral sural cutaneous nerve to posterior leg while in popliteal fossa

continues to follow course of biceps femoris tendon to head of fibula

common fibular nerve pierces fibularis longus muscle inferior to head of fibula where it divides to:
superficial and deep fibular nerves

35
Q

tibial nerve

A

L4,5 S1,2,3
-superficial and central in popliteal fossa

  • branches to plantaris and gastrocnemius as wlel as cutaneous nerve to posterior leg:
  • medial sural cutaneous nerve
36
Q

sural communicating nerve

A

from lateral sural nerve to medial sural cutaneous nerves

-will unites medial sural nerve and sural communicating nerve to form the sural nerve

37
Q

fibula

A

not weight bearing but easy to damage (superficial)

38
Q

lateral and medial tarsal artery

A

course deep to extensor digitorum brevis along the lateral and medial sides of dorsum of the foot

participate in malleolar network

39
Q

acruate artery

A

courses laterally across bases of the metatarsals and gives rise to metatarsal arteries 2,3,4 which subsequently give rise to dorsal digital arteries

anastomose with lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries

40
Q

first dorsal metatarsal artery

A

one of terminal branches of the dorsalis pedia

courses in first metatarsal space and terminates by forming digital arteries on contiguous surfaces of first and second toes

41
Q

deep plantar artery

A

also a terminal branch of dorsalis pedis artery

penetrates first metatarsal space to anastomose with plantar arterial arch

42
Q

superficial fibular nerve

A

L5 S12

descends along the fibula between the muscles of lateral and anterior compartments

provides muscular branches to fibularis longus and brevis

becomes superficial in distal third of leg to innervate the anterior distal third of leg and divide into medial and intermediate and dorsal cutaneous nerves which provide dorsal digital branches to all toes

43
Q

superficial fibular nerve has muscular branches to what?

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

44
Q

deep fibular nerve

A

L45

branch from common fibular nerve within substance of the fibularis longus muscle at the lateral neck of the fibula

passes into anterior compartment by piercing extensor digitorum muscle

descends anterior compartment lateral to anterior tibial artery and veins

innervates everything in the anterior compartment

45
Q

branch of deep fibular nerve

A

lateral branch - deep to extensor digitorum brevis muscle and contributes sensory fibers to joints of foot

medial branch - follows course of first dorsal metatarsal artery to cutaneously innervate web between first and second toes

46
Q

tibial nerve

A

L45 S123

located superficially and centrally within popliteal fossa

in popliteal fossa - branches to plantaris and gastrocnemius (sural branches) as well as a cutaneous neve to posterior leg (medial sural cutaneous nerve)

47
Q

what gives rise to medial sural cutaneous nerve

A

tibial nerve

48
Q

medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve?

A

fuse via communicating branch of lateral sural cutaneous nerve
-forms sural nerve

49
Q

sural nerve

A

provides lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve to lateral surface of foot and fifth digit and lateraal calcaneal branch to lateral posterior surface of heel

50
Q

tibial nerve innervation?

A

all posterior leg muscles

51
Q

structures passing the flexor retinaculum?

A

anteromedial to posteromedial
Tom, Dick, ANd Harry

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery with veins
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus
52
Q

saphenous nerve

A

distal most extension of femoral nerve

supplies cutaneous innervation to medial surface of foot and medial posterior surface of heel

MSS - MSK Exam 3 (16 decks)

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