Plantar Foot Flashcards
plantar fascia
tough connective tissue layer of deep fascia continuous wit that of dorsum of foot attached laterally and medially to 5th and 1st metatarsal respectively
plantar aponeurosis?
thickened central portion of plantar fascia
superficial layer of plantar aponeurosis
longitudinally oriented fibers attaching proximally to tuberosity of calcaneous
distally provide slips which fuse with and reinforce fibrous digital sheaths
deep layer of plantar aponeurosis
transversely oriented fibers attached to heads of metactarsals forming superficial transverse metatarsal ligament
transverse fasciculi
transverse oriented bundles of deep fascia which reinforce webs of toes
fibrous digital sheaths
specializations of deep fascia
anchored to phalanges
form fibro-osseous canal that prevents bowstring of flexor tendons
synovial digital sheath
line the fibrous digital sheaths to lubricate them
intermuscular septa in plantar foot?
lateral and medial
extend from lateral and medial edges of plantar aponeurosis to attach to 1st and 5th metatarsal
delineate two compartments
two compartments of plantar foot?
medial compartment - great toe
lateral compartment - 5th toe
contents of medial compartment?
flexor and abductor for great toe
tendon of flexor hallucis longus and medial plantar vessel and nerves
contents of lateral compartment?
contains abductor and flexor muscle of digiti minimi
central compartment?
deep to plantar aponeurosis and contains flexor digitorum brevis, lumbricals, quadratus plantae, adductor hallucis longus, tendons of flexor digitorum longus, lateral plantar vessels and nerves
interosseous compartment
defined as existing between layers of plantar and dorsal interosseous fascia and contains the interosseous muscles
layers of muscle in foot?
four
3-2-3-2
plane of reference in foot?
2nd toe!
muscles of first layer
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
attachments of abductor hallucis?
origin:
calcaneus
insertion:
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
action of abductor hallucis
abducts great toe
innervation of abductor hallucis
medial plantar nerve
attachment of abductor digiti minimi
origin:
calcaneus
insertion:
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit
action of abductor digiti minimi
abducts 5th digit
innervation of abductor digiti minimi?
lateral plantar nerve
attachments of flexor digitorum brevis
origin:
calcaneus
insertion:
middle phalanges of four small toes
actions of flexor digitorum brevis?
flexes middle and proximal phalanges of four small toes
innervation of flexor digitorum brevis
medial plantar nerve
tendons of flexor digitorum brevis?
bifurcate!
allows passage of tendons from flexor digitorum longus to reach distal phalanges
posterior tibial artery and nerve?
divide to lateral and medial plantar branches
deep to proximal abductor hallucis and pass forward between muscles of 1st and 2nd layers