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MSS - MSK Exam 3 > Joints of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Joints of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

type of joint in hip?

A

synovial ball and socket

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2
Q

articulation of hip joint?

A

head of femur and acetabulum

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3
Q

what deepens hip socket?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

acetabular labrum

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4
Q

acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartilage rim attached to bony rim of acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament

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5
Q

capsule attachments in hip?

A

superior - brim of acetabulum near transverse ligament

inferior - anteriorly to intertrochanteric line and junction of neck and femur with trochanter
posteriorly possesses a free (unattached) border that covers 2/3 proximal femoral neck

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6
Q

structure of capsule in hip?

A

two laminae of fibers

superficial lamina
deep lamina

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7
Q

superficial lamina of hip capsule

A

longitudinal fibers that limit movement of limb in specific direction

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8
Q

deep lamina of hip capsule

A

circular fibers (zona orbicularis) which provide screw home effect between head of femur and acetabulum

**increases stability

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9
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

Y shaped inverted
-one of strongest in body

attaches superiorly to AIIS and inferiorly to intertrochanteric line and inferior portion of greater trochanter

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10
Q

when is iliofemoral ligament tightest?

A

in full extension

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11
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

forms medial inferior portion of capsule
attaches medially to brim of pubic portion of acetabulum and obturator crest of superior pubic ramus and laterally to neck of femur near lesser throchanter

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12
Q

function of pubofemoral ligament?

A

limits abduction, becomes tight in extension

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13
Q

gap between what ligaments?

A

ilio and pubofemoral ligaments anteriorly and inferiorly

covered by psoas major and its bursa
-iliopectineal bursa

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14
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

attached posteriorly to ischial portion of acetabulum, laterally to neck of femur medial to root of greater trochanter

fibers compromising the ligament spiral in their course

forms posterior free margin of capsule

becomes tight in extension

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15
Q

ligamentum teres capitis femoris

A

arises from edge of acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament

attaches to fovea capitis of femur

limits adduction***

also has artery

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16
Q

synovial lining of hip

A

surrounds/lines non-articular elements of joint

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17
Q

arterial supply of hip

A

lateral and medial femoral circumflex
superior and inferior gluteal
obturator artery provides branch to head of femur

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18
Q

innervation of hip joint?

A

articular branches from nerves to muscles which surround joint
-femoral, superior gluteal, nerve to quadratus femoris

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19
Q

limits to range of motion at hip?

A

capsular and intracapsular ligaments
soft tissue
opposite limb

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20
Q

what is more powerful at hip?

A

lateral rotation of thigh

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21
Q

type of joint at knee

A

synovial modified hinge (does allow some rotation)

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22
Q

joint articulations of knee

A

femoral and tibial condyles and femur with patella

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23
Q

osseous modification of knee joint?

A

expanded roller surface of femur and expanded tibial plateau

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24
Q

what guides rotation of knee?

A

intercondylar eminence

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25
Q

capsule of knee attachments?

A

superiorly to condyles and intercondylar fossa of femur
inferiorly to margins of tibial condyles

thicker posteriorly

laterally, buttressed by IT tract, anteriorly by expansions of fascia lata

small openings for communications between muscular bursa and synovial cavity of joint

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26
Q

lateral and medial patellar retinacula

A

expansion of vastus lateralis and medialis that pass from attachments of these muscles on patella to the tibial condyles as far posterior as collateral ligaments

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27
Q

oblique popliteal ligament

A

expansion of semimembranous tendon superolaterally toward lateral femoral condyle

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28
Q

arcuate popliteal ligament

A

expansion of attachment of biceps femoris to fibular head

arches superiorly and medially over popliteus muscle

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29
Q

ligaments of capsule in knee

A

lateral and medial patella retinacula
oblique popliteal
arcuate popliteal

30
Q

ligamentum patella

A

extension of quadriceps tendon across tibia to tibial tuberosity

31
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

aka tibial

broad and thin but tough
passes from medial femoral epicondyle to upper medial portion of tibia below condyle

attaches to medial meniscus***

32
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

aka fibualr

pencil like cord from lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula

tendon of popliteus muscle passes between it and the capsule of the knee so that no attachments of collateral ligament to lateral meniscus are possible

33
Q

what passes between lateral collateral and lateral meniscus?

A

tendon of popliteus muscle

34
Q

synovia of knee joint

A

lines interior of joint except articular surface and cruciate ligaments

cruciates are intracapsular but extra synovial***

35
Q

infrapatellar synovial fold

A

from infrapatellar fat pad to cruciate ligaments; divide joint space to lateral and medial tibiofemoral compartments

36
Q

suprapatellar bursa

A

extension of synovial cavity beneath quadriceps tendon

37
Q

cartilage of knee?

A

meniscus

38
Q

lateral meniscus?

A

lunar

39
Q

medial meniscus?

A

semi-lunar

40
Q

attachment of menisci?

A

attached to intercondylar area anteriorly and posteriorly

coronary ligaments attach lateral margins of menisci to margin of tibial plateau

41
Q

transverse genicular ligament

A

attach menisci to each other

42
Q

function of menisci?

A

cushion joint and stabilize articulation by deepening articular surface

43
Q

intrasapsular ligaments of knee?

A

cruciate ligaments

meniscofemoral ligaments

44
Q

anterior cruciate ligaments

A

from medial surface of lateral femoral condyle to anterior intercondylar area

prevents posterior displacement of femur when foot is fixed

45
Q

posterior cruciate ligament

A

lateral surface of medial condyle of femur to posterior intercondylar area

prevents forward displacement of femur when foot is fixed firmly

46
Q

meniscofemoral ligaments

A

keep menisci from being trapped during knee flexion

stabilize knee during posterior translation of lateral femoral condyle

47
Q

anterior meniscofemoral ligament

A

extend from lateral meniscus to blend superiorly with anterio surface of posterior cruciate ligament

48
Q

posterior meniscofemoral ligament

A

extend from lateral meniscus to blend superiorly with posterior surface of posterior cruciate ligament

49
Q

arterial supply of knee

A

genicular anastomosis

50
Q

innervation of knee

A

articular branches are provide by nerves which innervate the muscles which surround the joint

femoral, obturator, tibial, common fibular

51
Q

proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

synovial plane/gliding joint

articulation - head of fibula and fibular facet of posterolateral surface of lateral tibial condyle

52
Q

what strengthens capsule of proximal tibiofibular joint

A

anterior and posterior ligaments of head of fibula

53
Q

arteries to proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

lateral inferior genicular

anterior tibial recurrent

54
Q

nerves to proximal tibiofibular joint

A

common fibular nerve

nerve to popliteus

55
Q

distal tibiofibular articulation?

A

fibrous joint between distal tibia and fibula

-tibiofibular syndesmosis

56
Q

ligaments of distal tibiofibular articulation

A

interosseous ligament

anterior, posterior, and transverse tibiofibular ligaments

57
Q

interosseous ligament?

A

thickened inferior portion of interosseous ligament in distal tibiofibular joint

58
Q

anterior, posterior, and transverse tibiofibular ligaments

A

very strong

59
Q

arteries to distal tibiofibular joint?

A

fibular artery

60
Q

nerve to distal tibiofibular joint?

A

deep fibular and tibial nerves

61
Q

ankle joint?

A

talocrural

synovial hinge joint

62
Q

articulation of talocrural joint?

A

inferior tibial surface

medial malleolus of tibia and lateral malleolus of fibula

63
Q

medial malleolus and lateral malleolus

A

form mortise

64
Q

talus

A

form tenon

65
Q

capsule of talocrural joint?

A

lax anterior and posteriorly to allow flexion and extension (dorsi and plantar)

buttressed laterally and medially by strong collateral ligaments

66
Q

medial collateral ligaments of talocrural?

A 
**stronger
deltoid ligament
-anterior tibiotalar
-tibionavicular
-tibiocalcaneal
-posterior talofibular
67
Q

lateral collateral ligaments of talocrural?

A

**weaker
anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

68
Q

arterial of talocrural joint?

A

malleolar network

69
Q

nerves to talocrural joint?

A

tibial and deep fibular nerves

70
Q

START ON

A

page 325

MSS - MSK Exam 3 (16 decks)

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