Pons

Question 1

Glossopharyngeal sensory

Answer 1

Primary in the inferior ganglion

SVA - posterior 1/3 of tongue taste terminates in solitary nucleus

GSA - posterior 1/3 of tonuge, pharynx, middle ear terminates in spinal trigeminal nucleus

GVA - carotid body and sinus terminate in caudal 2/3 of solitary nucleus

Snesory portion of gag reflex

Question 2

Motor of glossopharyngeal

Answer 2

SVE - stylopharyngeus…LMN in nucleus ambiguus

GVE - parotid gland…preganglionic para in the inferior salivary nucleus

Question 3

Vestibulocochlear vestibular portion

Answer 3

SSA

Primary in vestibular ganglion and terminate in vestibular nuclei

Question 4

Vestbiulocochlear auditory portion

Answer 4

SSA

Primary in spiral ganglion and terminate in cohclear nuclei

Question 5

Unilateral deaf means

Answer 5

Lesion more superficial than the cochlear nucleus…after cochlear nucleus, will go bilaterally

Question 6

Stage 1 acoustinc neuroma

Answer 6

affects CN 8 - ipsi loss of hearing and balance

Question 7

Stage 2 acoustic neuroma

Answer 7

CN 8 - ipsi loss of hearing and balance
Inf cerebellar peduncle - ipsi ataxia
Spinal trgemin - ipsi loss of pain and temp from face
Root of 9 - loss of gag reflex and difficulty swallowing
Root of 7 - ipsi facial paralysis

Question 8

Middle cerebellar penducle contains

Answer 8

Pontocerebellar fibers from contralateral pontine nuclei

Question 9

Cerebellar circuit involving pontine nuclei

Answer 9

Corticospinal start at cerebral cortex and have branch that comes off at ipsi pontine nuclei…pass to contra superior cerebellar penducle…goes to contra VPL of the thalamus and back to the cerebral cortex.

Therefore lesion to superior cerebellar peduncle leads to ipsi ataxia

Question 10

Facial nerve motor

Answer 10

SVE - in facial motor nucleus…fibers loop around abduens nucleus

Question 11

Sensory facial nerve

Answer 11

primary in geniculate ganglion

SVA - taste (ant 2/3)terminate in nucleus solitarius

GSA - outer ear terminate in trigeminal nuclei

Question 12

UMN and LMN damage to facial motor nucleus

Answer 12

UMN above the pons will only paralyze the lower half of the face contra to the lesion

LMN below the pons will paralyze entire face ipsi to the lesion

Question 13

Bell’s palsy

Answer 13

From Unilateral LMN lesion…forehead not okay and downturned mouth

Question 14

UMN lesion of facial nerve

Answer 14

Forehead okay but downturrned mouth

Question 15

Abducens neuron locations

Answer 15

LMN innervate lateral rectus

UMN located in frontal eye fields of cortex

Question 16

RF and abducens

Answer 16

PPRF just anterior and imoportant for conjugate gaze

Question 17

Lesion abducens nerve and nucleus

Answer 17

Nerve - diplopia

Nucleus - lateral gaze paralysis…neither eye can look to lesioned side

Question 18

LSO and MSO

Answer 18

Locating high frequency objects in space

LSO - high frequency

MSO - low frequency

Question 19

Principal trgeminal nucleus

Answer 19

Pass through middle cerebellar peduncle and carry 2 point touch, proprio and vib from the face

Neurons project bilaterally to the VPM in the DTT

Question 20

Motor trgeminal nucles

Answer 20

LMN innervating mastication asnd tensor tympani

Question 21

Spinotrgeminal nucleus

Answer 21

Neurons project to VPM in the VTT

Question 22

Lesion spinal trgemin nucleus or principal nucleus

Answer 22

Spinotrigem - ipsi loss of pain and temp

Principal nucleus - ipsi loss of 2 point, vib, or proprioception

Question 23

Lesion of VTT or DTT

Answer 23

VTT - contralateral loss

DTT- may not be able to tell

Question 24

Muscles of motor trigeminal nucleus

Answer 24

Masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid and temporalis

Tensor tympani

Question 25

If LMN lesion of motor trigeminal fibers

Answer 25

paralysis of ipsilateral muscles of mastication and hyperacusis to sound

Question 26

Corneal reflex

Answer 26

When you touch eye, goes to ipsi principal nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus.. If painful, spinal trigeminal has interneurons that synapse with facial motor nuclei and cause blinking of both eyes

Question 27

Lesion affarent portion of trigeminal nerve or efferent/ipsi facial nucleus portion of nerve in corneal reflex

Answer 27

Affarent - neither eye blinks if ipsi touched...both eyes blink if contra touched Efferent - If touch ipsi, then only contra blinks...if touch contra, then only contra blinks

Question 28

Mesencepahlic nucleus

Answer 28

Located in periaqueductal gray area and controls force of bite...neural crest cell derived

Question 29

Locus ceruleus

Answer 29

Noradrenergic neurons extensive rostral and caudal through CNS...involved in arousal, sensory modulatio nand motor tone

Question 30

Dysarthria syndrome

Answer 30

Medial pontine syndrome Paramedian branches of basilar artery Corticospinal tract - contra UMN signs Medial lemnisucs - contral loss of vib, proprio, and fine touch VTT - contra loss of pain and temp form face Facial nerve roots - ipsi facial muscle weakness Abducens root - ipsi paralysis of LR

Question 31

Lateral pontine syndrome

Answer 31

Mid cerebellar peduncle - ipsi ataxia Spinal trigeminal tract - ipsi loss of pain/temp from face Anterolateral tract - contra loss of pain and temp from body Hypothal descencing fibers - ipsi Horner's syndrome