Brainstem 2

Question 1

Medial lemniscus homunculus

Answer 1

Legs are more towards the anterior while arms are towards posterior

Question 2

Hypothalamic tract

Answer 2

Sympathetic fibers passing to the IML

Question 3

Central tegmental tract

Answer 3

Input to inferior olive from red nucleus of the midbrain

Question 4

Vagus nerve effernt

Answer 4

SVE - pharynx, larynx, soft palate (except tensor)

GVE - parasympto to thorax and abdomen to mid tvs colon

Question 5

Vagus nerve affarent

Answer 5

GVA - From larynx trachea, heart, esoph, digestive up to tvs colon

SVA - taste from epiglottis and palat

GSA - tympanic memb rane

Question 6

SVE of vagus nerve…cell bodies and lesion

Answer 6

Cell bodies in the nucleus ambiguous

Motor part of cough reflex and gag
Drooping palate to side of lesion
Uvula to opposite

Dysphagia, dysphonia, and dysarthira

Question 7

GVE of vagus nerve cell bodies

Answer 7

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Question 8

GSE of vagus nerve cell bodies

Answer 8

In the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve

Terminate in spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 9

GVA cell bodies of vagus

Answer 9

In the nodose ganglion

Terminate in nucleus tractus oslitarius

Question 10

SVA cell bodies of vagus

Answer 10

Terminate in nucleus tactus solitarius

Question 11

Wallenberg’s syndrome

Answer 11

SPinothalamic - contra
Spinocerebellar tracts/inf peduncle/vestibular nuclei - ipsi
Spinal trgeminal nucleus - ipsi
Vagal root fibers/nucleus ambiguus - ipsi weakness
Hypothalamic fibers to sympathetic IML - ipsi miosis, ptosis, decreased sweating and flushed face (Horner’s syndrome)

Question 12

Raphe nuclei

Answer 12

Serotoninergic neruons
Descending conmponent involved in pain modulation in dorsal horn
Ascending involved in limbic and arousal

Question 13

mRF

Answer 13

Mostly outflow (pontine and meduallry reticulospinal)

Question 14

lRF

Answer 14

Coordinates local circuits

Cardiovascular homeostasis (medulla) - blood pressure and HR

Resp homeostasis (medulla) - resp rate

Micturation center - urinary control (pons)

Question 15

Org of symp and parasymp

Answer 15

Symp - thoracolumbar

Parasymp - craniosacral

Question 16

What can symp neurons do?

Answer 16

Terminate at same level

Ascend or descend in chain

Pass through without synapsing as a splanchnic nerve and synapse in collateral ganglia

Question 17

Parasympathetic compoenents

Answer 17

CN nuclei 3,7,9,and 10
S2-4
Second is in ganglia of the head

Question 18

Baroreceptor reflex

Answer 18

RVLM can help stimulate the IML Nucleus solitarius is where baroreceptors terminate

NTS inhibits the RVLM (via the CVLM (GABA-nergic)) and can activate the nucleus ambiguous to be parasympathetic

Question 19

Projections of NTS

Answer 19

Midbrain to parabrachial nucleus to amygdala, insular cortex and hypothalamus

To pons, medulla, and spinal cord

To hypothalamus

Question 20

Hypothalamus can control

Answer 20

Many different regulatory process adn can override reflexive mechs