Brainstem 1

Question 1

Tegmentum

Answer 1

Continuation of spinal cord

At all levels

Nuclei of CN 3-12

Question 2

Basilar region

Answer 2

Corticospinal tracts and nuclei for motor circuits

Mostly in the pons

Question 3

Midbrain tectum

Answer 3

Superior colliculus - non-conscous visual

Inferior - non consvious auditory

Question 4

Vascular supply of the brainstem

Answer 4

Vertebral and anterior spinal arteries supply the paramedian

also long and short circumferential arteries (like PICA)

Question 5

CNs in each region

Answer 5

MB - 3 and 4
Pons - 5-8
Medulla - 5, 9-12

Question 6

Embryology general

Answer 6

Somatic motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, somatic sensory

From inside to outside

Question 7

GSE

Answer 7

Extraocular muscles and intrinsic tongue muscles

Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens and hypoglosal nucleus

3,4,6, and 12

Question 8

SVE

Answer 8

Branchial motor

Muscles of mastication, facial, middle ear, pharynx, larynx, sternocleido, and trap

Motor nucleus of 5, facial nucleus, nuecleus ambiguus, and accessory spinal nucleus

5,7,9,10, 11

Question 9

GVE

Answer 9

Parasympathetic innervation above splenic flexure

Edinger-westphal - 3
Superior salivary - 7
Inferior saliv - 9
Dorsal motor - 10

Question 10

SVA

Answer 10

Visceeral sensory affarent (special)

Taste

Nucleus solitarius - 7,9,10

Question 11

GVA

Answer 11

Inputs for control of cardio resp and digestive - nucleus solitarius - 9, 10

Question 12

GSA

Answer 12

Touch, pain, temp, position, vibration for face sinuses and meninges

Trigeminal nuclei - 5,7,9, and 10

Question 13

SSA

Answer 13

Special somatic sensory

Olfaction, hearing, vestibular, etc.

Cochlear and vestibular nuclei (8)

Question 14

Trigeminal nuclei

Answer 14

Sensory innervation of the head

Motor to muscles of mastication and 4 others

Question 15

Components of trigeminal

Answer 15

Trigeminal ganglion where sensory pseudounipolar located

Spinal trigeminal nucleus - pain, temp, crude touch

Principal nucleus of CN 5 - vibration, fine discrim, proprio

Mesencephalic nucleus of 5 - proprioceptive reflex for muscles of mastication

Motor for muslces of mastication

Question 16

Spinal trigeminal tract

Answer 16

1st order in trigeminal ganglion…descend in spinal trigeminal tract to synapse in ipsi spinal trigeminal nucleus

From spinal trigmeinal nucleus to contralateral VPM

From VPM through internal capsule to primary sensory cortex

Question 17

Pyramids contain

Answer 17

All corticospinal and corticonuclear fibers as they pass through the medulla

Question 18

MLF

Answer 18

Medial vesrtibulospianl fibers and descending RF fibers

Question 19

Spinal accessroy nucleus

Answer 19

Innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoi

Contains LMN

UMN are in precentral gyrus…corss in motor decussation to innervate contralateral accessory nucleus

Question 20

Damage to accessory nucleus

Answer 20

Ipsi shoulder droop and inability to turn head to contralateral side

Question 21

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 21

Innervation of intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muslces

Exits in the pre-olivarolivary sulcus

Question 22

Lesion of hypoglossal nucles or nerve

Answer 22

Tongue deviations to side of lesion

Question 23

If UMN corticonuclear fibers lesioned of hypoglossal….

Answer 23

then no atrophy

Question 24

Dorsal motor of vagus contains

Answer 24

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

Question 25

Nucleus tractus solitarius

Answer 25

Surrounded by solitary nucleus

Baro and chemo receptors (9)

Resp, heart, and GI visceral affarent (10)

Question 26

Nucleus ambiguus

Answer 26

CN 9 and 10 somatomotors innervating head/neck skeletal muscles and specialized neurons to innervate the heart