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POLS 3030 > POLS 3030 Ch. 4-7 Key Terms > Flashcards

POLS 3030 Ch. 4-7 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Actions through which ordinary members of a political system attempt to influence decisions.

A

Participation

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2
Q

Using social media, especially twitter to raise public awareness of an issue.

A

Hashtag Activism

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3
Q

A person who enjoys the benefit of a public good without bearing the cost.

A

Free Rider

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4
Q

A dense network of reciprocal social relations that promotes greater civic engagement.

A

Social Capital

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5
Q

The law that effectively enfranchised by giving the national government the power to decide whether individuals are qualified to vote and to intercede in state and local electoral operations when necessary.

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965

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6
Q

Adults eighteen years of age and older.

A

Voting-age Population

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7
Q

The voting-age population excluding those who are non-citizens, and depending on a state’s law, convicted felons or mentally incompetent.

A

Voting-eligible Population

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8
Q

The number of uncounted, unmarked, or spoiled ballots in an election.

A

Residual Votes

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9
Q

The electoral mechanism for selecting party nominees to compete in the general election.

A

Primary System

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10
Q

A primary in which only voters registered in the party are allowed to participate.

A

Closed Primary

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11
Q

Voters decide which party’s primary they will participate in.

A

Open Primary

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12
Q

A second election pitting the top two vote-getters from a first election in which no candidate received a majority of the votes cast.

A

Runoff Election

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13
Q

Voters use preference rankings to select candidates at a single election.

A

Instant Runoff

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14
Q

The number if votes (though necessarily a majority) cast for the winning candidate in an election with more than two candidates.

A

Plurality

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15
Q

A state election provision that allows candidates to run on more than one party ticket.

A

Fusion

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16
Q

The tendency of a winning (or losing) presidential candidate to carry state candidates of the same party into (or out of) office.

A

Coattail Effect

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17
Q

An election without party labels.

A

Nonpartisan Election

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18
Q

Nonpartisan political organizations that endorse and promote a state of candidates.

A

Slating Groups

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19
Q

A special type of referendum whereby citizens can petition to vote on actions taken by legislative bodies.

A

Popular Referendum

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20
Q

A procedure whereby a governing body submits proposed laws, constitutional amendments, or bond issues to the voters for ratification.

A

Referendum

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21
Q

A procedure that allows citizens to vote elected officials out of office before their terms have expired.

A

Recall

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22
Q

Statutes that open the meetings of government bodies to the public.

A

Open Meeting Laws

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23
Q

Acts that standardize administrative agency operations as a means of safeguarding clients and the general public.

A

Administrative Procedure Laws

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24
Q

An organization created by government to involve members of the public in studying and recommending solutions to public problems.

A

Advisory Committee

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25
Q

A small group of individuals assembled to provide opinion and feedback about specific issues in government. Participants are often paid for their time.

A

Focus Group

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26
Q

A form of participation in which individuals or groups donate time or money to a public purpose.

A

Volunteerism

27
Q

Organizations that nominate candidates to compete in elections, and promote policy ideas.

A

Political Parties

28
Q

Core beliefs about the nature and role of the political system.

A

Ideology

29
Q

Voting for candidates of different political parties in a general election.

A

Ticket Splitting

30
Q

A conservative/libertarian grassroots political movement whose supporters favor smaller government.

A

Tea Party

31
Q

Both houses of the legislature and the governor’s office are controlled by the same party.

A

Unified Government

32
Q

One party controls the governor’s office and the other party controls the legislature or each party controls one legislative chamber.

A

Divided Government

33
Q

The weakening of an individuals attachment to political parties.

A

Dealignment

34
Q

Organizations of like-minded individuals who desire to influence government.

A

Interest Groups

35
Q

The process by which groups and individuals attempt to influence policy makers.

A

Lobbying

36
Q

Group mobilization of citizens to contact public officials on behalf of shared public policy views.

A

Grassroots Lobbying

37
Q

Organizations that raise and distribute campaign funds to candidates for elective office.

A

Political Action Committees (PACs)

38
Q

Nonprofit, tax-exempt political organization set up to accept contributions and make expenditures in campaigns, although not explicitly connected to candidates.

A

527 Groups

39
Q

A form of participation designed to draw attention to a cause.

A

Direct Action

40
Q

Unregulated funds contributed to national political parties and nonparty political groups.

A

Soft Money

41
Q

Legislative assistance on behalf of constituents who have a problem or grievance with a state agency.

A

Casework

42
Q

Legislative districts containing more than one seat.

A

Multimember Districts (MMDs)

43
Q

Skewed legislative districts that violate the “one person, one vote” ideal.

A

Malapportionment

44
Q

The reallocation of seats in a legislative assembly.

A

Reapportionment

45
Q

The redrawing of legislative district lines to conform as closely as possible to the “one person, one vote” ideal.

A

Redistrict

46
Q

The process of creatively designing a legislative district, usually to enhance the electoral fortunes of the party in power.

A

Gerrymander

47
Q

An elected official who cannot serve beyond the current term of office.

A

Lame Duck

48
Q

A stash of funds accumulated in advance of a campaign.

A

War Chest

49
Q

A legislator who functions as a conduit for constituency opinion.

A

Delegate

50
Q

A legislator who votes according to his or her conscience and best judgement.

A

Trustee

51
Q

A legislator who functions as either a delegate or a trustee, as circumstances dictate.

A

Politico

52
Q

People who bring new ideas to a policy-making body.

A

Policy Entrepreneurs

53
Q

An action whereby the legislature overturns a state agency’s rules or regulations.

A

Legislative Veto

54
Q

Statutes that set automatic expiration dates for specified agencies and other organizations.

A

Sunset Laws

55
Q

Favoritism by a governor or other elected official in distributing government monies or other resources to a particular program, jurisdiction, or individual.

A

Pork Barrel

56
Q

Powers of the governor derived from the state constitution or statute.

A

Formal Powers

57
Q

Powers of the governor not derived from constitutional or statutory law.

A

Informal Powers

58
Q

A system in which more than one member of the executive branch is popularly elected on a statewide ballot.

A

Plural Executive

59
Q

The informal power of a governor (or other officeholder) to make appointments on the basis of party membership and to dispense contracts or other favors to political supporters.

A

Patronage

60
Q

The governor’s formal power to veto a bill in its entirety.

A

Package Veto

61
Q

The governor’s formal power to veto separate items in a bill instead of the entire piece of proposed legislation.

A

Line Item Veto

62
Q

The governor’s power to withhold approval or disapproval of a bill after the legislature has adjourned for the session, in effect vetoing the measure.

A

Pocket Veto

63
Q

A type of veto used by the governor to reject a bill and also to recommend changes that would cause the governor to consider the bill’s approval.

A

Executive Amendment

64
Q

A rule, regulation, or policy issued unilaterally by the governor to change executive branch operations or activities.

A

Executive Order

POLS 3030 (9 decks)

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