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POLS 3030 > POLS 3030 Ch. 1-3 Key Terms > Flashcards

POLS 3030 Ch. 1-3 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Making decisions based on the best research findings available.

A

Evidence-based Practices

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2
Q

The ability of government to respond effectively to change, make decisions efficiently and responsibly, and manage conflict.

A

Capacity

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3
Q

The territorial range of government authority; sometimes used as a synonym for “city” or “town”.

A

Jurisdiction

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4
Q

A system of government in which powers are divided between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments.

A

Federalism

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5
Q

An anticipatory condition, as opposed to a reactive one.

A

Proactive

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6
Q

Money set aside when a state’s finances are healthy for use when state revenues decline. Formally called “budget stabilization funds”.

A

Rainy Day Funds

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7
Q

To reduce the size and cost of something, especially government.

A

Downsize

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8
Q

An environment characterized by stagnant revenues and budget cuts, leading to changes in the provision of public services.

A

New Normal

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9
Q

An effort to change how a state or city is perceived by the public, to create a new image of a place.

A

Re-Brand

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10
Q

A characteristic of a government that is open and understandable, one in which officials are accountable to the public.

A

Transparency

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11
Q

An unofficial region of the US, generally consisting of the South and the West

A

Sunbelt

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12
Q

An unofficial region of the US, generally comprising the Northeast and the Midwest. Labeled rustbelt sometimes used as synonym.

A

Frostbelt

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13
Q

The attitudes, values, and beliefs that people hold toward government.

A

Political Culture

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14
Q

Political conflicts that emerge from deeply held moral values.

A

Culture Wars

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15
Q

One in which all government authority is derived from a central government.

A

Unitary System

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16
Q

A league of sovereign states in which a limited central government exercises few independent powers.

A

Confederacy

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17
Q

A means of dividing the power and functions of government between a central government and a specified number of geographically defined regional jurisdictions.

A

Federal System

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18
Q

Those powers expressly given to the national government, primarily in Article I, Section B, of the Constitution.

A

Enumerated (Delegated Powers)

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19
Q

Those granted by the Constitution to both the national and the state governments.

A

Concurrent Powers

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20
Q

Theory holding that the national government is dominant over the states.

A

Nation-Centered Federalism

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21
Q

Theory holding that the national government represents a voluntary compact or agreement between the states, which retain a dominant position.

A

State-Centered Federalism

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22
Q

Those powers residing with the states by virtue of the Tenth Amendment.

A

Reserved Powers

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23
Q

The amendment to the constitution, ratified in 1791, reserving powers to the states.

A

Tenth Amendment

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24
Q

A theory of federalism that became the foundation for states’ rights arguments.

A

Compact Theory

25
Q

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes national laws superior to state laws.

A

National Supremacy Clause

26
Q

Portion of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution that authorizes Congress to enact all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its responsibilities.

A

Necessary and Proper Clause

27
Q

Those powers that are not expressly granted by the Constitution but that are inferred from the enumerated powers.

A

Implied Powers

28
Q

Part of Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution, which gives congress the power to regulate trade with foreign countries and among the states.

A

Commerce Clause

29
Q

The portion of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution that provides for the general welfare of the United States.

A

General Welfare Clause

30
Q

Enacted in 1868, this amendment contains citizens rights, due process, and equal protection provisions that states must apply to all citizens.

A

Fourteenth Amendment

31
Q

Enacted in 1913, this amendment grants the national government the power to levy income taxes.

A

Sixteenth Amendment

32
Q

The principle that national laws take precedence over state laws.

A

Federal Pre-Emption

33
Q

Model in which the responsibilities and activities of the national and state governments are separate and distinct.

A

Dual Federalism

34
Q

A model of federalism that stresses the linkages and joint arrangements among the three levels of government.

A

Cooperative Federalism

35
Q

A model of cooperative federalism in which many new grants-in-aid, including direct national-local financial arrangements, were made.

A

Creative Federalism

36
Q

A model that represents a return of powers and responsibilities to the states.

A

New Federalism

37
Q

The delegating of power and programs from the federal government to state and local governments.

A

Devolution

38
Q

A form of federalism in which the national government uses regulations, mandates, conditions, preemptions, and other actions to impose national priorities on the states.

A

Coercive Federalism

39
Q

An intergovernmental transfer of funds or other assets, subject to conditions.

A

Grant-In-Aid

40
Q

A form of financial aid from one level of government to another to be used for a narrowly defined purpose.

A

Categorial Grant

41
Q

A form of financial aid from one level of government to another for use in a broad, functional area.

A

Block Grant

42
Q

A funding mechanism that automatically allocates monies based on conditions in the recipient government.

A

Formula Grant

43
Q

A competitive funding mechanism that awards monies based on the strength of an applicant government’s proposal.

A

Project Grant

44
Q

A requirement that a state or local government undertake a specific activity or provide a particular service as a condition of funding.

A

Federal Mandate

45
Q

The basic legal and political document of a state; it prescribes the rules through which government operates.

A

Fundamental Law

46
Q

The legislature’s dominance of the other two branches of government.

A

Legislative Supremacy

47
Q

An ideal of the structure and contents of a state constitution that emphasizes brevity and broad functions and responsibilities.

A

Model State Constitution

48
Q

A state constitutional tradition based on detailed provisions and procedure.

A

Positive-Law Tradition

49
Q

A state constitutional tradition based on basic and enduring principles that reach beyond statutory law.

A

Higher-Law Tradition

50
Q

An informal means of revising constitutions whereby members of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch apply constitutional principles and law to everyday affairs of governing.

A

Interpretation

51
Q

The power of the U.S. Supreme Court or state supreme courts to declare unconstitutional actions of the executive and legislative branches, as well as decisions of lower courts.

A

Judicial Review

52
Q

The formal approval of a constitution or a constitutional amendment by a majority of the voters of a state.

A

Ratification

53
Q

The most common means of amending a state constitution, wherein the legislature proposes a revision, usually by a two-thirds majority.

A

Legislative Proposal

54
Q

A proposed law or constitutional amendment that is placed on the ballot by citizen petition.

A

Initiative

55
Q

A procedure by which the voters of a jurisdiction propose the passage of constitutional amendments, state laws, or local ordinances, bypassing the legislative body.

A

Direct Initiative

56
Q

Voter initiative proposal must be submitted to the legislature before going on the ballot for voter approval.

A

Indirect Initiative

57
Q

A assembly of delegates chosen by popular election or appointment by the legislature to revise an existing constitution or to create a new one.

A

Constitutional Convention

58
Q

A meeting of appointed delegates established to study an existing constitution, or specific provisions, and to recommend proposed changes.

A

Constitutional Commision

POLS 3030 (9 decks)

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