Midterm Review Flashcards
Legal Authority, Human Resources, and Financial Resources.
The three factors of Government Capacity.
Individual Values-Beliefs > Collective Actions of Citizens > Laws Government Legitimacy
Values Model
Individual Liberty, Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, The Rule of Law, Equality
Basic Political Values
Three types of Political Culture?
Traditional, Moralistic, and Individualist
Three ways to Organize Levels of Government withing a Nation?
Unitary Government, Confederacy, and Federal System
What are some advantages of Federalism?
Manages social and political conflict, it’s dynamic, flexible, and responsive. Promotes efficiency and encourages innovation. Maximizes political participation.
What are some disadvantages of Federalism?
Conflict that is not handled locally it escalates to State or Federal levels. Federal level is ‘one size fits all’ approach. Coordination problems between levels.
Federalism Models and Time Periods
Dual Federalism 1787-1932, Cooperative Federalism 1933-1964, and Contemporary Variations on Cooperative Federalism 1994-Present
All other laws that the government passes
Statutory Laws
Established the principle that the United States would expand westward by drawing boundaries for and admitting new sates, rather than simply extending the boundaries of existing states to the West. Each new state had to write its own constitution.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Powers and Clauses in U.S. Constitution regarding the Federal and States Governments
Commerce Clause, General Welfare Clause, 14th Amendment, Article VI ( National Supremacy Clause), 10th Amendment, and Article IV, Section 4.
Main Reforms of the Progressive Movement in 1890s-1920?
Womens Right to Vote 1920, Direct Election of US Senators 1913, Secret Ballot, Right of Anyone to run for Office, Direct Primaries, (Initiative, Referendum, Recall), Professional Government Employees, Growth for Executive Power, and Westward Expansion of States.
Four Major Parts of all State Constitutions?
- Bill of Rights
- Suffrage
- Structures & Powers of Government Institutions
- Amendment Process
- Constitutional Convention and Referendum (All)
- State Legislative Proposal & Referendum (All)
- Initiative (18 States)
- Constitutional Commision
- Judicial Review (State and US Supreme Courts)
Different State Constitutional Amendment Processes
States with Higher Voter turnout Rates in 2014?
Oregon, Colorado, Montana, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Maine.
States with Low Voter turnout Rates in 2014?
California, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and Oklahoma.
What are some ways to Participate?
Voting, campaigning, running for office, contacting public officials, organized demonstrations, volunteering, testify in public meetings/hearings.
Types of Primary Elections?
- Open Primary
- Closed Primary
- Hybrid
- Single or ‘Top Two’ Primary
Types of Direct Democracy?
- Initiatives
- Referendum
- Recall
Four major laws for public access to states and local governments?
- Open Meeting Acts
- Required Public Hearings
- Open Record Acts
- APA- Administrative Procedures Act
How are state political parties organized?
Precinct Organization>County Central Committee>State Central Committee>State/County Convention
Trends for political party identification since 2005?
Independent voters have increased and have been higher than republican and democratic parties at federal level. Republican dominance at state level.
Types of Interest Groups?
Organized groups influencing elections, governments leaders and laws.
Functions of Interest Groups?
- Provide Information
- Advocate Policies
- Mobilize Members
- Give Feedback
Explain eight campaign techniques?
Candidate makes announcement Organize campaign (theme, issues, promises) Get Endorsements Fundraising and Negative Campaigning Door to Door to meet voters Media Attention Speak at Organizations
Three Functions of State Legislatures?
- Policy-making
- Oversight
- Representation
Lower chamber, smaller districts and more members, shorter terms, more rules and regulations, bound to deadlines and procedures.
House of Representatives (State Assembly)
Upper chamber, larger districts and fewer members, longer terms, more informal.
Senate
Legislators follow constituent wishes only. How most legislators are elected, especially first timers.
Delegate
Legislators follow their own ‘enlightened’ conscience. Say ‘trust me’ to make the right decisions/voting.
Trustee
A legislator who functions as either a delegate or a trustee, as circumstances dictate.
Politico
Court case that went to supreme court that stopped apportionment (skewed legislative districts)
Baker v. Carr 1962
Four types of Legislative oversight on the Executive Branch
- Control of Federal Funds received by State
- Legislative Review of Administrative Rules
- Sunsets Laws
- Policy and Program Evaluation: legislative audit
Powers of governor derived from the state constitution or statute.
Formal Powers
Formal Powers of Governors?
Tenure of Office: 48 states, 4 year terms
Power of Appointment (appoint own leaders)
Power to Veto Legislation
Budget Power
Reorganization Power
Staffing power
Administering the executive branch
Judicial powers of governors?
pardon commute(commute/change sentences) parole reprieve (short stay punishment) extradite
Informal powers of governors?
developing and making policy marshaling legislative action master of ceremonies lead the political party coordinating intergovernmental relations promoting economic development tools of persuasion and leadership
Governors can use informal powers to maximize informal powers.
Synergism
Five Clashes between gubernatorial and legislative perspectives
District View vs State View Piecemeal vs Comprehensive Compromise vs Coherence Short Range vs Long Range Collective vs Individual Responsibility
