Political stability and instability Flashcards
What occurred after independence?
Mutiny occurred in the army
Define mutiny
Open rebellion against authority
Why did Congolese soldiers participate in a mutiny?
They no longer wish to be exploited by their Belgian offices
What did the riots demand?
Africanisation of the Armanini
What did Lumumba pleads for at first?
Them to Abbe some of the little Jamette command of the Belgium’s
What is the mutineers threaten to do?
Intensify their protest
How did the member respond to the intensifying of their protest?
Dismiss 1100 Belgian offices
What type of violence continue to spread?
People were raped, why Congolese were treated badly
How many Belgian national is fled?
25,000
Where did the Belgian national flee to?
French Congo
How did bell gym still power over the army?
Maintaining the leadership of the army
What made a mockery of conga these independence?
Belgium created an impression that they still needed assistance with add ministrative issues
When did the mutiny take place?
1960
When did Lumumba face another setback?
Separatist tribal groups in Katanga and Kasai declared independence of their par Vinces
Define separatist
One who advocate cultural, ethnic or racial separation
Who led the separatists in Katanga?
Moise Tshombe
Who supported Tshombe in the separation of Katanga?
Valjean mining company that owns and administered Katanga is rich mines
Why did Belgian troops free?
In order to protect their economic interests
Why was there a little doubt that can’t always in a critical situation?
- Army was highly reliable – developed into a dangerous mob
- Government authority collapse
- White population fled - economy depended
- Katanga secession tear country apart
What is Congo politically stable under Mobutu?
Highly politically stable
Did the country remained unified when the provinces attempted to break away?
Remained unified
Why was a sense of national unity difficult to establish?
Many different ethnic group with different allegiances and different languages
What was there not enough of to protect the democracy?
Not sufficient checks and balances
How long was Congo rude as a one-party state and dictatorship?
32 years
Why was there no freedom of speech?
Mobutu created a regime of terror to crush or opposition
How did Mobutu keep officials loyal?
Bribing them
What was the corruption described as?
Rife
What threatened the countries ability to charge it on course?
Dependent on Western countries for financial aid and military support
How was the USA only give financial support?
Agreed to implement a capitalist system
What threatened the sovereignty of the country?
Powerful western business
How many civil wars did the country experience?
Two civil wars
What conflict spilled into Congo?
Rwanda
What were the human rights like?
Not protected
Women’s rights badly neglected
What was there a lack of?
Transparency
When did Mobutu face a crisis?
1964
What was the crisis?
Simba rebellion against the government
What does Simba mean?
Lion in Swahili
What did Simba capture?
Stanleyville and şey up rebel government
What happened as the rebel movement spread?
Discipline began to break down and serious acts of terror and violence were committed
How many civilians were executed in Stanleyville
Thousands in front of Lumumba’s monument
Who was chosen to lead the central government against the rebellious province?
Moise Tshombe
Who did Tshombe recruit?
White mercenaries
Define mercenaries
People who serve merely for wages. Associated with the professional soldier or someone who is hired by a political entity to fight in a conflict
How was the struggle put down?
Age of Belgium and American paratroops
Where became an area of conflict in 1977?
Shaba (Zaire) and Angola
Why was there a conflict with Angola?
Mobutu supported UNITA and FNLA in Angolan civil war
On the 8th of March 1977 in Shaba who was attacked?
2000 members of Front for the National Liberation of Congo (FNLC)
FNLC
National Liberation of Congo
What did the National Liberation of Congo capture?
Many towns and occupied the copper mining town of Kolwezi
Who did the National Liberation of Congo want to overthrow?
Mobutu
Who supported Mobutu in his international aid for assistance?
1500 Moroccan trip supported by France. Belgium and the USA
What was the result of the attack on Shaba?
70,000 Congolese sought safety in refugee camps
What led to the defeat of FNLC?
Attack Shaba second time
