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10 History > Colonisation > Flashcards

Colonisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was Congo characterised by uncertainty and instability?

A
  1. 5 days after independence - army mutinied
  2. Katanga seceded from new republic (July 1960)
  3. Patrice tortured and murdered (January 1961)
  4. Rebellions in north and east under Mobutu - Zaire
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2
Q

When did Belgium have little intention of granting independence?

A

After the Second World War

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3
Q

What was Belgium secretly planning?

A

A period of transition which would be implemented over a period of 10 years

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4
Q

When was Belgium caught offguard?

A

Early in 1959

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5
Q

How was Belgium caught of guard?

A

Incidence of unrest broke out in various parts of the country

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6
Q

Who was behind the outbreaks of violence?

A

No single group or organisation

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7
Q

What was the Congolese protesting against?

A

Frustrations of being exploited

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8
Q

How did the Belgians respond to the unrest?

A

Holding free elections

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9
Q

Why did the free elections end up a fast?

A

Congolese boycotted them

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10
Q

What did the uprisings in Congo lead to?

A

Vowel can colonist to negotiate with the representatives of Congo

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11
Q

What type of conference took place?

A

Round table conference in Brussels in January 1960

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12
Q

When did the conference take place?

A

January 1960

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13
Q

Who was invited to the conference?

A

Patrice Lumumba, Joseph Kasavubu, Moise Tshombe

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14
Q

Why was the conference historic?

A

It marked the first time in Congolese history that the Belgain authorities decided to consult the Congolese

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15
Q

What decision was taken in Brussels?

A

New elections were to be held in the independence would follow

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16
Q

When was independence granted to Congo?

A

30 June 1960 after three multi-party elections

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17
Q

Who was the head of the largest party in the assembly?

A

Patrice Lumumba

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18
Q

What was the largest party in the assembly called?

A

The national Congolese movement (MNC)

19
Q

What was the national Congolese movement?

A

The countries prime minister in a coalition government

20
Q

Who was Lumumba’s rival?

A

Joseph Kasavubu

21
Q

Who became the President of Congo?

A

Joseph Kasavubu

22
Q

How did Belgium hand over independence?

A

Without having done anything to prepare the Congolese for change

23
Q

What did Belgium did not allow for?

A

A satisfactory resolution regarding differences of opinion regarding constitutional issues

24
Q

What was the difference between Lumumba and Kasavubu’s view of the government?

A

Lumumba wanted a national government
Kasavubu wanted a federation based on ethnicity

25
Q

Who gave the opening address at the Independence Day celebrations?

A

King Baduoin of Belgium

26
Q

What did the king praise at the Independence Day celebrations?

A

King Leopold II of Belgium and highlighted the many sacrifices that the Belgians made for Congo

27
Q

Who responded to the Kings speech?

A

Patrice Lumumba

28
Q

When was Congo colonised?

A

Late 1800s by King Leopold the second of Belgium

29
Q

What did Congo become to King Leopold the second?

A

His personal fiefdom

30
Q

How was conger use to gain access to Ivory and rubber rich interior?

A

The long Congo river

31
Q

What made Congo desirable for colonisation?

A

Access to Ivory in rubber rich interior

32
Q

After what conference was Congo made a colony?

A

Berlin conference of 1884

33
Q

What was the brutal oppression experience by the Congolese people called?

A

The Congo Horrors

34
Q

How did they maximise profit from the rubber plantations?

A

Leopold trade agents in the colony sort a steady supply of cheap labour

35
Q

How did the agents for is young men to work?

A

Holding their wives and children captive until each man “always met

36
Q

What happened to men who resisted frequently to the agents?

A

Killed on the spot

37
Q

How were the main beaten if they did not listen to the agents?

A

Cruel whips made from dried hippo hide made with sharp edges - chicotte

38
Q

How did people die between 1895 to 1908?

A

Murder, miss treatment and starvation (8 to 10,000,000)

39
Q

What did European missionaries establish?

A

Schools and clinics encouraging humanitarian development

40
Q

What was Congo cord under the control of Belgium?

A

Belgian Congo

41
Q

What cause resentment for the indigenous people

A

Belgian administrators were arrogant and condescending

42
Q

By 1959 what resources was Congo producing?

A

10% copper
50% cobalt
70% diamonds

43
Q

What were the colonial powers interested in?

A

Congo is valuable natural resources

44
Q

Why did the USA source uranium from Congo?

A

Nuclear bombings of Japanese cities

10 History (26 decks)

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