Poliomyelitis Flashcards
What is poliomyelitis
It is acute viral infection Cause by RNA enterovirus affect Primarily the GUT but can be UTI
Types of Poliomyelitis
Serotype 1 ,2 ,3
Most of poliomyelitis OUTBREAKS occur due to
Serotype 1
Poliomyelitis is epidemic or endemic disease
It is epidemic
Realation between CNS and poliomyelitis
1% of cases have CNS affection resultin paralysis
Libya and polio relations
Libya is free from polio 2005
Reservoir host for polio is
Man
Carrier for poliomyelitis
No chronic carrier
Percentage of subclinic cases of polio
95%
Commonest age group affected by polio is
6 mounth to 3 years
Best season for polio transmission is
During Rainy season and winter
Mode of transmission of polio
Feco-oral (communicability period 7-10 days before and after the onset of symptom
Droplet infection
Prevention and control of polio
By immunoprophylaxis (vaccine)
1.oral polio vaccine (Sabin)
2.inactive Polio vaccine
DIFFERENT BETWEEN ORAL POLIO VACCINE (SABIN) ,INACTIVE POLIO VACCINE (SALK)
Inactive polio vaccine ((salk)
1.killed vaccine
2.injectable (i/m or s/c)
3.prevent paralysis but no gut reinfection
4.no effect on outbreak control b/c
Vaccine virus not excereted in the stool ((no herd immunity))
5.diffcult to manufacture
6costly(expensive)
….
1Oral polio vaccine ((sabin))
2Live attenuated vaccine
3Oral
4Prevent both paralysis and gut reinfection by stimulating both systemic , local IgA antibody
5Effective in outbreak control b/c the vaccine virus excereted in stool
6.easy to manufacture
7.cheap
Active flaccid paralysis surveillance in polio
At least 2 samples to be collected from all cases of AFP within 14 days and send it to cold chain for virological confirmation at the referance labratory 》 Report
Why eradication of polio is possible
1.Man is the only host
2.No long term carrier state
3.short half life of excreated virus in the sewage 48hrs
4.oral , cheap , effective vaccine are avaliable
