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Police Administration Book Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In what year did New Amsterdam, now New York City, create its office of sheriff?

A

1625

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2
Q

In 1833, which US city became the first to have a paid, full-time day police force?

A

Philadelphia

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3
Q

In 1844, which US city became the first to have a unified day-night police force?

A

New York City

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4
Q

The rise of unified, full-time police departments in America was influenced by events in what country?

A

England

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5
Q

New principles, such as officers should be hired on a probationary basis was articulated in the _____________________

A

Metropolitan Police Act

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6
Q

What is the process of acquiring and maintaining control over a government, including its policies, administrations and operations?

A

Politics

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7
Q

Three reasons why there is no way to keep politics out of police departments:

A
  1. Police departments must be responsive to democratic control
  2. Public policy is expressed in the laws, regulations, operating procedures, decisions and actions taken or not taken by a governmental agency
  3. As a practical matter, politics flourishes in even the smallest agencies
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8
Q

What type of politics do we want to keep out of policing?

A

Highly partisan party

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9
Q

What model resulted in more staff positions to do specialized work, and emphasis on both line inspection of officers and staff inspections of functions, written policies and procedures, enhance training, increase accountability, and a widespread adoption of the bureaucratic form of organization?

A

The military model

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10
Q

What became the “Bible” for law-enforcement executives, who were guided by it as they sought to find the optimum way to organize and staff the units in their agency and achieve the most efficient operations?

A

Police Administration

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11
Q

Which 1950 for supreme court case ruled that segregation was illegal?

A

Brown versus Board of Education

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12
Q

What was legislatively created to set minimum standards for the selection and training of police officers?

A

Peace Officer Standards and Training Commission (POST)

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13
Q

They essentially constitute a professional licensing board and can revoke an Officer’s certificate to hold a job with any public on Forssman agency in the state that issued it

A

POST

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14
Q

What was the trilogy of major experiments of policing?

A
  1. Kansas City preventative patrol study
  2. Rand criminal investigation study
  3. Team policing experiment
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15
Q

This type of accreditation can reduce liability insurance costs, be used as a tool and attracting new businesses to a community, and stimulates community pride and confidence in a communities police department.

A

The Commission on Accreditation of Law-Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)

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16
Q

This is the development of police strategies and programs in partnership with communities in order to deliver custom tailored police services and solutions to problems, as well as a renewed focus on crime prevention rather than crime detection

A

Community oriented policing (COP)

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17
Q

This was based on the premise that when small and fractions of the law are ignored, it creates a climate conducive to more serious crimes being committed

A

Zero tolerance policing (ZTP)

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18
Q

This is a management control system designed to develop, analyze, and disseminate information about reported crime and to track efforts to deal with it

A

CompStat

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19
Q

This is based on data analysis of a constellation of sources, including intelligence, agency records in scientific research

A

Evidence based policing (EBP)

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20
Q

Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) Guiding Principle 1

A

“The sanctity of human life should be at the heart of everything an agency does”

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21
Q

This emerged as a collaboration between the grant awarding Federal Bureau of Justice Assistance and police agencies to encourage the refinement of existing evidence-based strategies and development of new ones

A

Smart Policing Initiative (SPI)

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22
Q

This is a focused police strategy built on the philosophy that visible signs of social decay often lead to more serious crimes in a specific neighborhood; emphasis then, should be on a strict enforcement of the law for even minor crimes of disorder.

A

Zero tolerance policy (ZTP)

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23
Q

Five elements of community policing

A
  1. A commitment to crime prevention
  2. Public scrutiny of the police
  3. Accountability of police actions to the public
  4. Customize police service
  5. Community organization
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24
Q

The five most common types of restructuring associated with community policing

A
  1. A decentralization of authority, allowing all levels of the department to have an increased level of independence and decision making.
  2. A flattened hierarchy, which collapses bureaucratic layers and allows for increased efficiencies and better communication.
  3. A reduce number of specialized units, with resources instead being devoted to the director delivery of police services to the public.
  4. And emphasis on teamwork, which promotes problem-solving and a provision of services by groups of employees.
  5. Increasing non-sworn personnel, which provides a cost savings because their salaries are typically less than sworn officers and which allows sworn officers to be used more effectively.
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25
Q

CompStat

A

A police methodology using the most accurate and timely information to identify Crime and social problems within a given geographic area and then to develop strategies design to stop or prevent them from occurring in the future; holds police administrators accountable for their decisions, tactics and strategies aimed at reducing crime

26
Q

A key component of CompStat is to

A

Force police commanders to address crime and social problems

27
Q

4 core principles of the CompStat model

A
  1. Accurate and timely intelligence and statistical crime information based on graphical settings and/or areas.
  2. Rapid deployment of resources, particularly combining the immediate presence of the uniform patrol working in concert with directed undercover operations.
  3. Effective tactics and strategies of enforcement that focus on invisible street crimes or “quality-of-life” crimes.
  4. Relentless follow up and assessment
28
Q

Three cases that still have a major impact on today’s community policing philosophies

A
  1. Newport News, Virginia
  2. Chicago, Illinois
  3. Minneapolis, Minnesota
29
Q

Problem oriented policing

A

Style of policing addressing reoccurring social problems within a community through an innovative, 4 step model called SARA

30
Q

SARA

A

Scanning analysis response assessment

31
Q

Chicago alternative policing strategy (CAPS) key features

A
  1. Crime control and prevention
  2. Neighborhood orientation
  3. Increase geographic responsibility
  4. Structured response to calls for police service
  5. Proactive, problem-solving approach
  6. Combine community and city resources for crime prevention and control
  7. Emphasis on crime and problem analysis through the compstat process
  8. Training
  9. Communication and marketing
  10. Evaluation, strategic planning and organizational change
32
Q

Hot spots policing

A

A geographically-based approach to crime fighting focused on in depth analysis of places and times, and deploying police officers to those locations that account for the majority of calls for service and crime in a community

33
Q

Intelligence lead policing (ILP)

A

Arising from the 9–11 terrorist attacks, ILP is a relatively new policing style focused on offenders, not Crime incidents, using intelligence analysis to prevent crime

34
Q

Evidence based policing

A

Theory of policing that grew out of 1998 article by Larry Sherman, who argued that police practices should be based on the best evidence available

35
Q

Triple T strategy

A

Targeting
Testing
Tracking

36
Q

Predictive policing

A

Proactive approach to Crime and disorder that uses information and analytical tools to achieve the goal of crime prevention while requiring fewer resources

37
Q

Crime analysis

A

The process of identifying patterns and relationships between Crime Data and other relevant data sources to prioritize and target police activity

38
Q

What is the purpose of crime analysis?

A

To organize massive quantities of raw information from databases used an automated records systems and to forecast specific, future events from the statistical manipulation of these data.

39
Q

Crime analysis techniques

A
  1. Tactical crime analysis or Crime specific analysis
  2. Strategic crime analysis
  3. Link analysis
  4. Telephone toll analysis
  5. Visual investigative analysis
  6. Case analysis and management system
  7. Intelligence analysis
40
Q

Geographic information systems (GIS)

A

Integration of automated database operations and high-level mapping to analyze, manipulate and manage spatial data, particularly relevant to Crime analysis and forecasting

41
Q

A type of Internet-based resource integrating user generated content with user participation

A

Social media

42
Q

Six methods to improve police community relations

A
  1. Building trust and legitimacy
  2. Policy and oversight
  3. Technology and social media
  4. Community policing and crime reduction
  5. Training and education
43
Q

4 types of formal organizations

A
  1. Mutual benefit organizations
  2. Business concerns
  3. Service organizations
  4. Commonwealth organizations
44
Q

One person supervises a function, even if it cuts across several organizational units

A

Functional supervision

45
Q

This principle states that routine matters should be handled at the lowest possible organizational level that they can be properly addressed, and unusual events, above or below standards, should be brought to the attention of higher level managers

A

Exception principal

46
Q

This provide citizens with online access to many governmental services

A

E-government

47
Q

Also called management theory and the principles approach, this theory sought to find universal principles of management that could be used in any setting

A

Administrative theory

48
Q

Leadership

A

Relating the police department to the larger external environment and influencing officers to use their energies willingly and appropriately to achieve that department’s goals

49
Q

5 acts of commission by police leaders

A
  1. Focusing on themselves over others
  2. Displays of ego/arrogance
  3. Closed mindedness
  4. Micromanaging
  5. Being arbitrary and capricious
50
Q

5 characteristics of ineffective leaders

A
  1. Poor work ethic
  2. Failing to take action and make decisions
  3. Ineffective communication
  4. Lacking appropriate interpersonal skills
  5. Lack of integrity
51
Q

3 sources of authority

A
  1. Charismatic
  2. Traditional authority
  3. Rational-legal
52
Q

3 types of power

A
  1. Socialized power
  2. Personalized power needs
  3. Affiliation needs
53
Q

The capacity to interrelate positively with other people

A

Human relations skills

54
Q

The ability to understand and interrelate various parcels of information that seem unrelated or whose meaning or importance is not immediately apparent

A

Conceptual skills

55
Q

Skills that are essential to doing a job; vary by level within a police organization

A

Technical skills

56
Q

6 theories of leadership

A
  1. Traditional leadership Theory
  2. Behavior and leadership styles
  3. Contingency and situational theory
  4. Transactional theory
  5. Comparison of charismatic and transformational theories
  6. The new leadership
57
Q

2 branches of traditional theory

A
  1. Great Man theory

2. Traits approach

58
Q

What type of leadership style makes all decisions, closely controls work, is a micromanager?

A

Authoritarian/autocratic

59
Q

This type of leadership style encourages individual and group participation

A

Democratic

60
Q

This type of leadership style takes passive, hands off approach, reluctantly uses the authority of one’s position

A

Laissez-faire

pd (27 decks)

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