Book Part 4

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

Anything that places an adjustive demand on the organism

Question 2

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 2

The biological and psychological reactions, caused by stress, that may eventually incapacitate an individual

Question 3

Alarm stage

Answer 3

The component of the general adaptation syndrome that puts the body on a fight or flight alert by releasing hormones that produce an energizing effect on the body

Question 4

3 stages of GAS

Answer 4

1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion

Question 5

Resistance Stage

Answer 5

Exemplified by specific responses to continued stress by the body in order to optimize adaptation

Question 6

Exhaustion Stage

Answer 6

When resistance can no longer be maintained and the body‘s defenses against stress begin to break down

Question 7

5 basic phases of post-shooting reaction

Answer 7

1. Concerned about being able to pull the trigger
2. Actual killing experience
3. Exhilaration
4. Recoil, remorse, & nausea
5. Rationalization & acceptance

Question 8

A psychological reaction that occurs after experiencing a highly stressful event outside the range of normal human experience

Answer 8

PTSD

Question 9

Cumulative career stress

Answer 9

This is distress that often results from officers being exposed routinely to Trumatic events over an extended period of time, sometimes years

Question 10

A group of synthetic hormones Usually derive from testosterone, that promote storage of proteins and the growth of muscle tissue

Answer 10

Anabolic steroids

Question 11

Only _____% Of first responders intimate partner murder victims ever use domestic violence services

Answer 11

40

Question 12

Employee assistance programs (EAPs)

Answer 12

Programs made available by employers to help employees having personal or occupational difficulties

Question 13

Liability

Answer 13

Legal responsibility for a person’s or an organization’s acts or omissions

Question 14

A lawsuit or another question to the court that resolves a legal matter or question

Answer 14

Litigation

Question 15

A Private injury inflicted on one person by another person, for which the injured party may sue in a civil action

Answer 15

Tort

Question 16

Plaintiff

Answer 16

The injured party that initiates a legal action

Question 17

The person or organization being sued; also called a tort feasor

Answer 17

Defendant

Question 18

3 Categories of suits against police officers

Answer 18

1. Neglect torts
2. Intentional torts
3. Constitutional torts

Question 19

Negligence

Answer 19

The failure to exercise the care towards another person that a reasonable person would do in the same circumstances

Question 20

A standard applied to many legal questions in which it must be determined if conduct or action was reasonable in the eye of the court

Answer 20

Reasonableness

Question 21

2 types of intentional torts

Answer 21

1. Voluntary

2. Deliberate

Question 22

1983 action

Answer 22

A tort action by which federal courts obtain jurisdiction of suits that involve the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the constitution by an individual acting under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, customs, or usage of any state.

Question 23

Bivens action

Answer 23

A judicially created counterpart to a 1983 action that gives the federal courts jurisdiction over torts involving federal officials

Question 24

Federal officials can be sued under what types of actions?

Answer 24

Bivens action or Federal Tort Claim Act

Question 25

3 basic types of tort actions that can be brought against police for misconduct

Answer 25

1. Conditional state law torts
2. Section 1983 torts
3. Bivens torts

Question 26

Vicarious liability

Answer 26

A legal doctrine also known as respondent superior imposing liability on supervisors and managers for the tortious conduct of their employees

Question 27

Deliberate indifference

Answer 27

A legal standard that involves more than negligence; the conscious or reckless disregard of the consequences of one’s act’s or emissions

Question 28

Objective reasonableness

Answer 28

A court developed standard imposed under the fourth amendment reasonableness inquiring as to whether an officers actions are objectively reasonable in light of the facts and circumstances of a specific incident

Question 29

Standard of reasonableness

Answer 29

Graham vs Connor, the Supreme Court held that the standard of reasonableness emanates from the officer’s perception at the time of the crisis that resulted in the use of deadly force

Question 30

Proximate cause

Answer 30

And event that directly results in another event, particularly injury due to negligence or an intentional, wrongful act

Question 31

Federal consent decree

Answer 31

A federal lawsuit against the city or state jurisdiction that has an established pattern and practice and violating the constitutional rights of people within their jurisdiction

Question 32

Due process

Answer 32

A guarantee of fairness in legal matters that requires that all legal procedures set by statute and court practice must be followed for every individual, so that there is no pre-judicial or unequal treatment

Question 33

Rights involving the protection and defense of one’s good name, reputation and position in the community

Answer 33

Liberty rights

Question 34

Rights involving the protection of one’s property

Answer 34

Property rights

Question 35

2 General types of situations in the disciplinary process in which an employee of law-enforcement agency can claim the right to be protected by the guarantees of due process

Answer 35

1. Liberty Rights

2. Property Rights

Question 36

Procedural due process

Answer 36

The legality of the procedures used to deprive police officers of status or wages

Question 37

Substantive due process

Answer 37

The requirement that the basis for government disciplinary action be reasonable, relevant & justifiable

Question 38

Lewin’s 3 step model

Answer 38

1. Unfreezing
2. Moving
3. Refreezing

Question 39

Traditional Action Research Model

Answer 39

1. Recognizing the need for change
2. Assessing/diagnosing the situation
3. Action planning
4. Intervention
5. Evaluation

Question 40

Burke-Litwin Model

Answer 40

A change model that recognizes and incorporates organizational theory by exploring in ranking the various drivers of change

Question 41

Kotter Model of Successful Change

Answer 41

1. Establish a sense of urgency
2. Form a powerful coalition
3. Create a vision
4. Communicate the vision
5. Empower others to act on the vision
6. Plan for & create short term wins
7. Consolidating improvements and creating still more change
8. Institutionalize got new approaches