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Biopsychology > PNS & Brainstem > Flashcards

PNS & Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

is the division of the nervous system that is located within the skull and spine

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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2
Q

is the division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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3
Q

is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate nervous system, other than the peripheral nervous system

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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4
Q

is the division of the nervous system that is located outside the skull and spine

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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5
Q

is the division of the nervous system composed of all of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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6
Q

is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate nervous system, other than the central nervous system

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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7
Q

is the division of the nervous system that is composed of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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8
Q

is the division of the peripheral nervous system that interacts with the external environment

A

somatic nervous system

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9
Q

is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes afferent nerves which carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, and ears to the central nervous system

A

somatic nervous system

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10
Q

is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes efferent nerves which carry motor signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles

A

somatic nervous system

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11
Q

is one of the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system, other than the autonomic nervous system

A

somatic nervous system

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12
Q
  • is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment
A

autonomic nervous system

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13
Q
  • is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes afferent nerves which carry sensory signals from internal organs to the central nervous system
A

autonomic nervous system

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14
Q
  • is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes efferent nerves which carry motor signals from the central nervous system to internal organs
A

autonomic nervous system

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15
Q
  • is one of the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system, other than the somatic nervous system
A

autonomic nervous system

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16
Q
  • is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
A

autonomic nervous system

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17
Q
  • is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, other than the parasympathetic nervous system
A

sympathetic nervous system

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18
Q
  • is the division of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates, organizes, and mobilizes energy resources in threatening situations
A

sympathetic nervous system

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19
Q
  • division of the autonomic nervous system that produces a series of changes in the body called the “fight-or-flight response”
A

sympathetic nervous system

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20
Q
  • division of the autonomic nervous system that causes blood to be directed away from the digestive system to the arms and legs, the pupils to dilate, and the heart and breathing to increase
A

sympathetic nervous system

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21
Q
  • is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, other than the sympathetic nervous system
A

parasympathetic nervous system

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22
Q
  • is the division of the autonomic nervous system that acts to conserve energy
A

parasympathetic nervous system

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23
Q
  • division of the autonomic nervous system that generally keeps the internal functioning of the body running smoothly, in a “rest-and-digest” mode of operation
A

parasympathetic nervous system

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24
Q
  • anatomical direction that means toward the nose end
A

anterior

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25
Q
  • anatomical direction in the head that is towards the face end
A

anterior

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26
Q
  • anatomical direction in the body that is towards the head end
A

anterior

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27
Q
  • anatomical direction that means toward the tail end
A

posterior

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28
Q
  • anatomical direction in the head that is towards the back of the head
A

posterior

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29
Q
  • anatomical direction in the body that is towards the rear end
A

posterior

30
Q
  • anatomical direction in the body that is towards the surface of the back
A

dorsal

31
Q
  • anatomical direction in the head that is towards the top of the head
A

dorsal

32
Q
  • anatomical direction in the body that is towards the surface of the chest
A

ventral

33
Q
  • anatomical direction in the head that is towards the bottom of the head
A

ventral

34
Q

anatomical direction that means toward the midline of the body

A

medial

35
Q

anatomical direction that means away from the midline of the body toward the body’s lateral surfaces

A

lateral

36
Q
  • hindbrain structure that is located at the base of the brain, where the spinal cord arises
A

medulla

37
Q
  • hindbrain structure that consists of numerous nuclei that act as control centers for the autonomic nervous system
A

medulla

38
Q
  • the proper functioning of the autonomic nervous system depends on the general level of arousal of this hindbrain structure
A

medulla

39
Q
  • hindbrain structure that has control centers that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, muscle tone, and even reflexes such as vomiting
A

medulla

40
Q
A

pons

41
Q
A

pons

42
Q
A

medulla

43
Q
A

medulla

44
Q
A

cerebellum

45
Q
A

cerebellum

46
Q
A

midbrain

47
Q
A

midbrain

48
Q
A

reticular formation

49
Q
  • is a complex network of nuclei that occupies the central core of the brainstem from the posterior boundary of the medulla to the anterior boundary of the midbrain
A

reticular formation

50
Q
  • is a brain structure sometimes referred to as an activating system because parts of it seem to play a role in arousal
A

reticular formation

51
Q
  • brain structure that, when damaged, will cause the organism to fall into a coma
A

reticular formation

52
Q
  • hindbrain structure that is a large bulbous structure located above the medulla
A

pons

53
Q
  • hindbrain structure that contains nuclei that play a role in sleep and arousal
A

pons

54
Q
  • hindbrain structure that contains the locus coeruleus - a group of neurons that are the primary source of norepinephrine for the brain
A

pons

55
Q
  • hindbrain structure that contains the raphe nuclei
A

pons

56
Q

– a group of neurons that are the primary source of serotonin for the brain

A

pons

57
Q
  • hindbrain structure that is located at the back of the brainstem
A

cerebellum

58
Q
  • hindbrain structure that functions primarily as a component of the brain’s extensive motor system by integrating, coordinating, and refining actions into fluid movements
A

cerebellum

59
Q
  • damage to this brain structure eliminates the ability to precisely control one’s movements and to adapt them to changing conditions
A

cerebellum

60
Q
  • division of the brain that contains two further divisions: the tectum and the tegmentum
A

midbrain

61
Q
  • division of the brain that contains structures such as the periaqueductal gray, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area
A

midbrain

62
Q
  • midbrain structure that has a visual-motor function
A

superior colliculus

63
Q
  • midbrain structure that specifically functions to direct the body’s orientation toward or away from particular visual stimuli
A

superior colliculus

64
Q
  • midbrain structure that is involved in pain sensation and in defensive behavior
A

pariaqueductal gray (PAG)

65
Q
  • stimulation of opioid receptors in this midbrain structure causes an immediate loss of pain sensation (analgesia)
A

pariaqueductal gray (PAG)

66
Q
  • midbrain structure that contains a punishment system, where electrical stimulation appears to have a punishing effect on the organism
A

pariaqueductal gray (PAG)

67
Q
  • midbrain structure that is a motor area of the brain which is highly interconnected with another motor region: the basal ganglia
A

substantia nigra

68
Q
  • midbrain structure that contains cells that produce dopamine and whose degeneration is associated with Parkinson’s disease
A

substantia nigra

69
Q
  • midbrain structure that is a vital component of the brain’s reward circuit and is the site of origin of the mesolimbic pathway
A

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

70
Q
  • midbrain structure that contains dopamine-producing neurons that project to and release dopamine in multiple regions of the brain, such as the limbic system and prefrontal cortex
A

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

71
Q

mid brain structures

A

periaqueductal gray, the substantia nigra, superior colliculus and the ventral tegmental area

72
Q

hindbrain structures

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation

Biopsychology (14 decks)

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