Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biopsychology > Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology > Flashcards

Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

is a chemical released by the presynaptic terminal button in response to an action potential

A

Neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

briefly binds to a specialized protein called a receptor that is located on the postsynaptic membrane

A

Neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

attaches to a receptor like a key fitting into a lock

A

Neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

has criteria including the following: its synthesis is within a neuron, it is released in response to a neuronal depolarization, and it binds to a postsynaptic receptor

A

Neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the following are examples of this: acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, endocannibinoid, and endogenous opioid

A

Neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

type of receptor that, when stimulated, immediately opens an ion channel

A

Ionotropic receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

type of receptor that is associated with a ligand-activated ion channel

A

Ionotropic receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

type of receptor that, when stimulated, does not immediately open an ion channel

A

Metabotropic receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type of receptor that is associated with signal proteins and G proteins

A

Metabotropic receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is the drawing back, into the presynaptic button, neurotransmitter molecules after their release into the synapse

A

Reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is the more common of the two mechanisms for deactivating released neurotransmitters

A

reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is the breakdown of neurotransmitters by enzymes

A

enzymatic degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is the less common of the two mechanisms for deactivating released neurotransmitters

A

enzymatic degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is one of the amino acid neurotransmitters that is common in the proteins we consume

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

overstimulation by this neurotransmitter can be toxic, causing cell death

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neurotransmitter that is synthesized by a simple modification of the structure of glutamate

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

neurotransmitter that alcohol acts primarily as an agonist of in the brain so that at moderate doses it causes cognitive, perceptual, verbal, and motor impairments, even though at low doses it can facilitate social interaction

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

an excessive decrease in this neurotransmitter can result in convulsions and possibly death

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

agonists of this neurotransmitter are used to treat seizures and other disorders such as anxiety and insomnia

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

neurotransmitter that naturally converts into norepinephrine

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

neurotransmitter that has been implicated in the pathology of both Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the control of motor movement and in motivational aspects of drug use

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

neurotransmitter that naturally converts directly into epinephrine

A

Norepinephrine

26
Q

neurotransmitter that is also known as noradrenaline

A

Norepinephrine

27
Q

dysfunction of this neurotransmitter system is associated with attention-deficit disorder

A

Norepinephrine

28
Q

neurotransmitter that plays an important role in maintaining vigilance and arousal

A

Norepinephrine

29
Q

neurotransmitter that is naturally converted directly from norepinephrine

A

Epinephrine

30
Q

neurotransmitter that is also known as adrenaline

A

Epinephrine

31
Q

neurotransmitter that is used by the autonomic nervous system to produce a series of changes in the body called the ‘fight-or-flight response’, such as increased heart rate

A

Epinephrine

32
Q

neurotransmitter is also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT

A

Serotonin

33
Q

neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the sleep-wake cycle and mood

A

Serotonin

34
Q

neurotransmitter receptor that antidepressants (such as tricyclics and SSRIs) act primarily as agonists of in the brain to produce antidepressant effects

A

Serotonin

35
Q

neurotransmitter that is released from cholinergic neurons

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles when naturally released at neuromuscular junctions

A

Acetylcholine

37
Q

neurotransmitter that binds to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

A

Acetylcholine

38
Q

neurotransmitter that plays an important role in REM sleep, cortical activation, and learning/memory

A

Acetylcholine

39
Q

dysfunction of this neurotransmitter system is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, a form of dementia characterized by severe deficits in learning and memory

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

neurotransmitter that tobacco acts primarily as an agonist of in the brain to make people feel more alert and less hungry while under its influence

A

Acetylcholine

41
Q

neurotransmitter that is used by the autonomic nervous system to produce a series of changes in the body that could be called the ‘rest-and-digest response’, such as decreased heart rate

A

Acetylcholine

42
Q

neurotransmitter that is similar to the main psychoactive ingredient of marijuana

A

Endocannabinoid

43
Q

neurotransmitter that tends to have most of its effects on presynaptic neurons, inhibiting subsequent synaptic transmission

A

Endocannabinoid

44
Q

activation of this neurotransmitter’s receptors causes sedation, stimulates appetite, and impairs concentration and memory

A

Endocannabinoid

45
Q

agonists of this neurotransmitter, at usual social doses, produce a sense of well-being, hilarity, carefree relaxation, altered perception, increased hunger, and subtle changes in thought

A

Endocannabinoid

46
Q

agonists of this neurotransmitter, while producing pleasurable effects, have a low addiction potential and rarely produce obvious withdrawal symptoms

A

Endocannabinoid

47
Q

neurotransmitter that is similar to the main psychoactive ingredient of opium

A

Endogenous Opioid

48
Q

neurotransmitter that includes endorphins, the name of which is a contraction of ‘endogenous morphine‘

A

Endogenous Opioid

49
Q

agonists of this neurotransmitter bind specifically to endorphin and enkephalin receptors in order to cause analgesia and feelings of euphoria

A

Endogenous Opioid

50
Q

agonists of this neurotransmitter produce withdrawal symptoms that include chills, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, and muscle pains

A

Endogenous Opioid

51
Q

agonists of this neurotransmitter produce withdrawal symptoms that include chills, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, and muscle pains

A

Endogenous Opioid

52
Q

type of drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

A

Agonist

53
Q

type of drug that increases the amount of a particular neurotransmitter, either by increasing its synthesis or by destroying its degrading enzymes

A

Agonist

54
Q

type of drug that increases the release of a particular neurotransmitter from terminal buttons

A

Agonist

55
Q

type of drug that binds to autoreceptors and blocks their inhibitory effect on a particular neurotransmitter’s release

A

Agonist

56
Q

type of drug that binds to postsynaptic receptors and either activates them or increases the effect on them of a particular neurotransmitter

A

Agonist

57
Q

type of drug that blocks the deactivation of a particular neurotransmitter by blocking degradation or reuptake

A

Agonist

58
Q

type of drug that impedes the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

A

Antagonist

59
Q

type of drug that decreases the amount of a particular neurotransmitter, either by blocking its synthesis or by causing it to leak from vesicles and get destroyed by degrading enzymes

A

Antagonist

60
Q

type of drug that blocks the release of a particular neurotransmitter from terminal buttons

A

Antagonist

61
Q

type of drug that binds to autoreceptors and inhibits a particular neurotransmitter’s release

A

Antagonist

62
Q

type of drug that binds to postsynaptic receptors and blocks the effect on them of a particular neurotransmitter

A

Antagonist

Biopsychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions