Action Flashcards
electrical stimulation of this cortical area causes, at low current levels, an intention to perform a particular action and, at high levels, the feeling that the action has been performed
posterior parietal cortex
damage to this cortical area produces deficits in the perception of spatial relationships, in accurate reaching, in the control of eye movement, and in attention
posterior parietal cortex
cortical area that integrates sensory stimuli used to guide motor sequences and is more active when attending more to the stimuli, such as when learning a new motor sequence
posterior parietal cortex
cortical area that receives projections from the posterior parietal cortex and sends projections to motor areas of the cortex as well as back to the posterior parietal cortex
prefrontal cortex
cortical area that plays a role in the evaluation of external stimuli and the initiation of voluntary reactions to them
prefrontal cortex
cortical area that makes decisions to initiate voluntary movements, but with these decisions depending on critical interactions with the posterior parietal cortex
prefrontal cortex
cortical area that is activated when a new motor sequence is being learned and performed under conscious control, but not at all when performing a well-practiced sequence
prefrontal cortex
cortical area that contains neurons which begin to fire in anticipation of a motor activity, before neurons in other cortical motor areas fire, and which continue to fire until the response is complete
prefrontal cortex
cortical area that receives much of its input from association cortex and sends much of its output to the primary motor cortex
secondary motor cortex
cortical area that is located in parts of the frontal lobe just anterior to the primary motor cortex, such as the supplementary motor area and the premotor cortex
secondary motor cortex
electrical stimulation of this cortical area typically elicits complex movements, often involving both sides of the body
secondary motor cortex
cortical area that contains neurons which often become more active just prior to the initiation of a voluntary movement, although not necessarily the earliest ones to fire, and which continue to be active throughout the movement
secondary motor cortex
cortical area thought to be involved in the programming of specific patterns of movements after taking general instructions from the prefrontal cortex
secondary motor cortex
cortical area that shows increased levels of activity while a subject is either imagining his or her own performance of a particular series of movements or while planning the performance of the same movements
secondary motor cortex
cortical area that contains neurons whose firing is most closely related to the end point (target) of a movement and not to the direction of the movement
primary motor cortex
cortical area that might contain a particular site which, if stimulated, would cause the left elbow to bend to a 90 degree angle, such that opposite responses would be elicited if the arm was initially straight (180 degree angle) compared to if the arm was initially bent halfway (45 degree angle)
primary motor cortex
cortical area whose recorded activity has been used to move a robotic arm and may one day be used to control the prosthetic limbs of injured people
primary motor cortex
cortical area that can be metaphorically compared to a company’s director of operations, who forwards commands from the executives to the office managers (the spinal sensorimotor circuits) that in turn direct the activities of the workers (the muscles)
primary motor cortex
sensorimotor structure that compares input from (1) the primary and secondary motor cortex, (2) descending motor signals from brainstem motor nuclei, and (3) motor responses via the somatosensory and vestibular systems, and that corrects ongoing movements which deviate from their intended course
cerebellum
sensorimotor structure that is believed to play a major role in motor learning, particularly in the learning of sequences of movements in which timing is a critical factor
cerebellum
sensorimotor structure that contains neural loops which receive cortical input from various cortical areas and transmits it back to the cortex via the thalamus
basal ganglia
sensorimotor structure that contains neural loops which mainly carry signals to and from the motor areas of the cortex
basal ganglia
sensorimotor structure that has been shown to participate in habit learning, a type of motor learning that is usually acquired gradually, trial by trial
basal ganglia
sensorimotor structure that, in addition to playing a role in the modulation of motor output, also has connections to cortical areas known to have cognitive functions (e.g., prefrontal lobes)
basal ganglia
