Forebrain Flashcards
1
Q
A
thalamus
2
Q
A
thalamus
3
Q
A
hypothalamus
4
Q
A
hypothalamus
5
Q
A
frontal lobe
6
Q
A
frontal lobe
7
Q
A
parietal lobe
8
Q
A
temporal lobe
9
Q
A
limbic system
10
Q
A
hippocampus
11
Q
A
amygdala
12
Q
A
amygdala
13
Q
A
temporal lobe
14
Q
A
occipital lobe
15
Q
A
occipital lobe
16
Q
A
parietal lobe
17
Q
A
basal ganglia
18
Q
A
basal ganglia
19
Q
- is the large, two-lobed structure that constitutes the top of the brainstem
A
thalamus
20
Q
- forebrain structure that receives signals from sensory receptors, processes them, and then transmits them to the appropriate areas of the sensory cortex
A
thalamus
21
Q
- forebrain structure that is an important relay station in the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems
A
thalamus
22
Q
- forebrain structure that is located just below the anterior thalamus
A
hypothalamus
23
Q
- forebrain structure that plays an important role in the regulation of several motivated behaviors (e.g., eating, sleep, and sexual behavior)
A
hypothalamus
24
Q
- on the basis of studies of decorticate animals, Bard concluded that this forebrain structure is critical for the expression of aggressive responses
A
hypothalamus
25
Q
- forebrain structure that regulates body temperature, blood pressure, fluid balance, and concentrations of glucose and sodium
A
hypothalamus
26
Q
- forebrain structure that exerts its effects in part by regulating the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which dangles from it on the ventral surface of the forebrain
A
hypothalamus
27
Q
- forebrain structure that is a layer of tissue that covers the cerebral hemispheres
A
cerebral cortex
28
Q
- forebrain structure that is often referred to as the gray matter because it is mainly composed of small, unmyelinated neurons which give it a gray appearance
A
cerebral cortex
29
Q
- forebrain structure that is deeply convoluted in humans
A
cerebral cortex
30
Q
- forebrain structure that provides landmarks for locating the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
A
cerebral cortex
31
Q
- on the basis of studies of decorticate animals, Bard concluded that the function of this forebrain structure is to inhibit and direct aggressive responses
A
cerebral cortex
32
Q
- while the behavioral and physiological expression of emotional states is dependent on the limbic system, the conscious experience of emotional states is also dependent on this forebrain structure
A
cerebral cortex
33
Q
lobe that is involved in motor functions and complex cognitive functions, such as planning and evaluating potential behavior patterns
A
frontal lobe
34
Q
lobe that is involved in analyzing sensations from the body, perceiving the location of both objects and our own bodies, and in directing our attention
A
parietal lobe
35
Q
lobe that is involved in hearing and language, identifying complex visual patterns, and memory
A
temporal lobe
36
Q
lobe that is involved in analyzing visual input to guide our behaviour
A
occipital lobe
37
Q
- system of midline structures that is involved in integrating such vast processes as learning, memory, emotion, and motivation
A
limbic system
38
Q
- system that contains several forebrain structures, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex
A
limbic system
39
Q
- forebrain structure that is located in the medial temporal lobe and plays a major role in some kinds of memory, particularly memory for spatial location
A
hippocampus
40
Q
- forebrain structure that is involved in a rat learning to avoid a distinctive chamber where it was previously shocked (contextual fear conditioning) but not in learning to avoid a tone that was paired with the shock (avoidance conditioning)
A
hippocampus
41
Q
- forebrain structure that is an almond-shaped nucleus in the anterior temporal lobe
A
amygdala
42
Q
- lesions to this forebrain structure block fear conditioning
A
amygdala
43
Q
- forebrain structure that receives input from all sensory systems and is believed to be the structure in which the emotional significance of sensory signals is learned and retained
A
amygdala
44
Q
- forebrain structure that is involved in only some aspects of human fear; e.g., more in the perception of fear in others than in the experience of fear
A
amygdala
45
Q
- the one of the two dopaminergic pathways in the brain that is most implicated in the rewarding effects of brain stimulation, natural rewards, and addictive drugs
A
mesolimbic pathway
46
Q
- lesions of this pathway tend to disrupt intracranial self-stimulation
A
mesolimbic pathway
47
Q
- system of midline structures that is involved in the performance of voluntary motor responses, action selection, and switching between motor behaviors
A
basal ganglia
48
Q
- system that contains several forebrain structures, including the amygdala, caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus
A
basal ganglia
49
Q
- system that contains the striatum (caudate and putamen), which receives input from the rest of the brain, and the globus pallidus, which sends output to the motor cortex
A
basal ganglia
50
Q
- Parkinson’s disease is associated with deterioration of the pathway projecting from the substantia nigra of the midbrain to this system
A
basal ganglia
51
Q
- area of cortex within the frontal lobe that is the major point of departure for motor signals descending from the cerebral cortex into lower levels of the sensorimotor system
A
primary motor cortex
52
Q
- type of cortex that contains sites controlling the movements of individual body parts
A
primary motor cortex
53
Q
- area of cortex that is most dedicated to controlling parts of the body that are capable of intricate movements, such as the hands and mouth
A
primary motor cortex
54
Q
- is any area of cortex that receives most of its input directly from the thalamic relay nuclei of one sensory system
A
primary sensory cortex
55
Q
- type of cortex that includes the somatosensory cortex, which contains sites that receive sensations from individual body parts
A
primary sensory cortex
56
Q
- type of cortex that includes the visual cortex and auditory cortex, which directly receive input from the thalamus for their respective sensory modalities
A
primary sensory cortex
57
Q
- is any area of cortex that receives input from more than one sensory system
A
association cortex
58
Q
- type of cortex that is at the top of the sensorimotor hierarchy; involved in the highest level of sensory processing that might ultimately result in the performance of movements
A
association cortex
59
Q
- area of cortex that is in the most anterior location of the frontal lobe
A
prefrontal cortex
60
Q
- area of cortex that is involved in the following four types of cognitive functions: (1) working memory, which is keeping relevant information accessible for short periods of time while a task is being completed; (2) planning and carrying out sequences of actions; (3) inhibiting responses that are inappropriate in the current context but not in others; and (4) following rules for social behavior
A
prefrontal cortex
61
Q
- cortical structure that acts on the amygdala to suppress conditioned fear
A
prefrontal cortex
