Perception Flashcards
visual cortical area that receives most of its input from the visual relay nuclei of the thalamus
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX
visual cortical area that is located in the posterior region of the occipital lobe, much of it hidden from view in the longitudinal fissure
Primary visual cortex
visual cortical area that is also known as striate cortex
Primary visual cortex
visual cortical area that contains neurons which each respond maximally only when straight-line stimuli are within their receptive field (the particular area of the visual field within which it is possible for a visual stimulus to influence the firing of that neuron) and in a particular orientation
primary visual cortex
visual cortical area that receives most of its input from the primary visual cortex
secondary visual cortex
visual cortical area that is located in two parts of the cerebral cortex: the prestriate cortex and the inferotemporal cortex
secondary visual cortex
visual cortical area that contains neurons in different functional areas (e.g., V3, V4, and MT/V5) which each respond to particular aspects of visual stimuli (e.g., an object’s orientation, color, or movement)
secondary visual cortex
visual cortical area that receives most of its input from the secondary visual cortex as well as from the secondary areas of other sensory systems
visual association cortex
visual cortical area that is located in several parts of the cerebral cortex, with the largest parts in the inferotemporal cortex and in the posterior parietal cortex
visual association cortex
what visual cortical area is able to allow you to detect not only what something is but also where it is
visual association cortex
cortical area that contains neurons which respond to ideas or concepts rather than to particulars (known as concept cells)
inferotemporal cortex
cortical area that would contain a neuron which, for example, fires only when presented with stimuli about the actress Halle Berry, but not for other unrelated stimuli, and would respond to all photos of the actress (even when she was dressed in her Cat Woman costume), to her printed name, and to the sound of her name
inferotemporal cortex
visual cortical area that is able to allow you to detect where something is, but not what it is
Posterior parietal cortex
cortical area that receives information from 3 sensory systems that play roles in the localization of the body and external objects in space: the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems
posterior parietal cortex
cortical area that is involved in directing behavior by providing spatial information and is involved in directing attention
posterior parietal cortex
cortical area that plays an important role in integrating information about the positions of body parts and the location of external objects
posterior parietal cortex
visual pathway that flows from the primary visual cortex to the dorsal prestriate cortex to the posterior parietal cortex
dorsal stream
visual pathway in which most neurons respond most robustly to spatial stimuli, such as those indicating the location of objects or their direction of movement
dorsal stream
visual pathway that is involved in the perception of “where” objects are
dorsal stream
damage to this visual pathway causes patients to have difficulty reaching accurately for objects that they have no difficulty describing (known as optic ataxia)
dorsal stream
visual pathway that directs behavioral interactions with visual objects
dorsal stream
damage to this visual pathway results in difficulty interacting with objects under visual guidance but no problem consciously seeing them
dorsal stream
visual pathway that mediates the visual control of behavior
dorsal stream
visual pathway that flows from the primary visual cortex to the ventral prestriate cortex to the inferotemporal cortex
ventral stream
visual pathway in which most neurons respond most robustly to the characteristics of objects, such as color and shape
ventral stream
visual pathway in which there are clusters of neurons which each respond specifically to a particular class of objects, such as faces, bodies, letters, animals, or tools
ventral stream
damage to this visual pathway causes patients to have difficulty describing objects that they have no difficulty reaching accurately
ventral stream
visual pathway that mediates conscious visual perception of objects
ventral stream
damage to this visual pathway results in difficulty consciously seeing objects but no problem interacting with them under visual guidance
ventral stream
what pathway in the brain would allow you to know that a baseball is coming towards you and not a rock
ventral stream
phenomenon that is displayed by patients with areas of blindness (scotomas) resulting from damage to the primary visual cortex
blindsight
is the ability to respond to a visual stimulus in an area of blindness (scotoma) despite having no conscious awareness of the stimulus
blindsight
is the phenomenon in which a subject might reach out and grab a moving object in her area of blindness, all the while claiming not to see it
blindsight
with what disorder would a patient deny seeing objects in his right visual field
blindsight
is a failure to recognize faces that is not attributable to a sensory deficit or to verbal or intellectual impairment
prosopagnosia
phenomenon that causes patients to recognize a face as a face but have problems recognizing whose face it is
propsopagnosia
phenomenon that causes patients to see a face as a jumble of individual facial parts (e.g., eyes, nose, chin, cheeks) that are never fused into an easy-to-recognize whole
propsopagnosia
phenomenon that results from damage to the ventral stream in the area of the boundary between the occipital and temporal lobes known as the fusiform face area
propsopagnosia
is a failure to recognize visual stimuli that is not attributable to a sensory deficit or to verbal or intellectual impairment
visual agnosia
is the phenomenon in which a subject can see a visual stimulus but not know what it is
visual agnosia
phenomenon that can be restricted to recognition of a particular aspect of visual input (e.g., movement or color) as a result of damage to an area of secondary visual cortex that mediates the recognition of that particular attribute
visual agnosia
is a deficiency in the ability to see movement progress in a normal smooth fashion
akinetopsia
phenomenon that results from damage to the middle temporal cortical area (known as MT or V5) which is near the junction of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
akinetopsia
is a failure to recognize parts of one’s own body
asomatognosia
phenomenon that affects only the left side of the body and results from extensive damage to the right posterior parietal lobe
asomatognosia
is a failure of neuropsychological patients to recognize their own symptoms
anosognosia
phenomenon that often accompanies asomatognosia, as well being a common, but curious, symptom of many other neurological disorders
anosognosia
is a failure to respond to environmental stimuli on the left side as a result of a right-hemisphere injury
contralateral neglect
is a failure to respond to environmental stimuli on the side of the body opposite to the side of a brain lesion, in the absence of simple sensory or motor deficits
contralateral neglect
phenomenon that occurs if a patient behaves as if the left side of his world does not exist
contralateral neglect
phenomenon that affects only the left side of the environment and results from extensive damage to the right posterior parietal lobe
contralateral neglect
is the phenomenon in which we consciously perceive only a small subset of the many stimuli that excite our sensory organs at any one time and largely ignore the rest
selective attention
phenomenon that has 2 characteristics: it improves the perception of the stimuli that are its focus, and it interferes with the perception of the stimuli that are not its focus
selective attention
phenomenon that occurs if by focusing your awareness on an announcement in a noisy airport your chances of understanding it increase but decrease for that of a simultaneous comment
selective attention
phenomenon that is thought to work by strengthening the neural responses to attended-to aspects and by weakening the responses to others
selective attention
phenomenon that is occurring if a subject fails to notice that a picture hanging on the wall is only present in one of two otherwise identical photographs
change blindness
- is a difficulty perceiving major changes to unattended-to parts of a visual image when the changes are introduced during brief interruptions in the presentation of the image
change blindness
is a difficulty in attending to more than one object at a time as a result of brain damage
simultanagnosia
phenomenon that results from bilateral damage to the posterior parietal cortex
simultanagnosia
