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PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve innervates the shoulder flexors?

A

Axillary

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2
Q

What nerve innervates the elbow flexors?

A

Musculocutaneous

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the forelimb extensors?

A

Radial

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the flexors of carpi and digits?

A

ulnar and median

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5
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Abductors of the hindlimb

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the tarsal extensors and digital flexors?

A

Tibial

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the sartorial?

A

Sapheneous

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral

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9
Q

What muscle group does the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

Tarsal flexors and digital extensors

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the hip extensors in horses?

A

sciatic

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates the superficial gluteal muscle?

A

Caudal gluteal

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12
Q

Which spinal nerves make up the brachial plexus?

A

Ventral branches of C6-T2

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13
Q

Which spinal nerves make up the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L4-S3

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14
Q

Name the nerves that leave the brachial plexus (9)

A
  • median
  • ulnar
  • radial
  • suprascapular
  • subscapular
  • musculocutaneous
  • axillary
  • pectoral
  • brachiocephalic
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15
Q

Name the nerves that leave the lumbosacral plexus (8)

A
  • femoral
  • sapheneous
  • siatic
  • obturator
  • tibial
  • common fibular
  • caudal gluteal
  • cranial gluteal
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16
Q

In the case of a neuronal forelimb issue, how would you test if you had injury to a nerve that has left the plexus or a spinal nerve?

A

test the cutaneous truni reflexes, if they are not present then it is a problem with the spinal nerve

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17
Q

What are the two branches of the sciatic?

A

common fibular and tibial

18
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurones found?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

19
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A single alpha motor neurone and all the corresponding muscle fibres it innervates

20
Q

What technique can be used to measure action potential in muscles?

A

electromyography

21
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

A stretch receptor that detects dynamic and static changes in muscle length.

22
Q

What is the role of muscle spindles in reflexes?

A

when a muscle is stretched there is a reflex contraction of the muscle

23
Q

What is a Golgi tendon organ?

A

A tension receptor that monsters the tension in a muscle to prevent damage during excessive force

24
Q

How do Golgi tendon organs prevent muscle damage?

A

They create a reflex relaxation of the muscle

25
Q

What is a monosynaptic reflex?

A

A reflex whereby only two neurones and one synapse is involved

26
Q

What is a myotatic reflex?

A

A reflex involving muscle spindles that cause muscle contractions when the muscle is stretched

27
Q

Why would pulling the leg of a dog when lying down cause the other leg to extend?

A

Because you are causing the withdrawal myotatic reflex, since interneurones cross sides, the opposite effect happens in the contralateral limb

28
Q

What are the proprioceptive receptors in muscles called?

A

Muscle spindles

29
Q

Do muscles spindles lie perpendicular or parallel to extrafusual fibres (normal muscle fibres)?

A

Parallel

30
Q

What type of sensory neurones are attached to a muscle spindle? (2)

A

Ia and II

31
Q

Which proprioceptive muscle receptor responds to static information?

A

Golgi tendon organ

32
Q

What motor neurones leave muscle spindles?

A

Gamma

33
Q

How do Golgi tendon organs work?

A

If too much tension is applied to the muscle they will inhibit action potentials to stop the muscle contracting

34
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

35
Q

What are the two types of cutaneous pain?

A
  • Short and sharp

- long and dull

36
Q

What nerve fibres are responsible for short sharp pain?

A

Fast A fibres

37
Q

What nerve fibres are responsible for long dull pain?

A

Slow C fibres

38
Q

What tract is responsible for superficial pain?

A

Spinocervicothalamic

39
Q

What tract is responsible for deep visceral pain?

A

Spinoreticular

40
Q

Why can’t the brain localise visceral pain as well as superficial?

A

It is multi synaptic, there is a large overlapping receptor field and so is poorly localised

41
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Pain that is felt in a part of the body that is not the source

Neuro (15 decks)

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