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Neuro > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters of the SNS?

A

Adrenaline

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2
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters of the PNS?

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

What are the main receptors of the SNS?

A

Alpha a beta adrenoreceptors

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4
Q

What are the main receptors of the PNS?

A

Muscarine and nicotinic

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5
Q

Is the vagus nerve mainly sensory or motor?

A

Sensory

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6
Q

Describe the general route of the vagus (10)

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • jugular foramen
  • tympano-occipital fissure
  • branches
  • sympathetic trunk
  • Carotid sheath
  • thoracic inlet
  • seperates at the middle cervical ganglion
  • branches
  • oesophageal hiatus
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7
Q

What types of fibres does the vagus nerve contain (5)

A 
GVE
GVA
SVA
SVE
GSA
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8
Q

What are the main branches of the vagus nerve? (4)

A

auricular, pharyngeal, cranial laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal

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9
Q

What is different about the vagal supply to the ruminant stomach?

A

It receives both a dorsal and ventral supply

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10
Q

What could be the result of a damage to the vagus nerve in the neck, with regards to neck structures?

A

Laryngeal paralysis

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11
Q

What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?

A

Vomiting comes from the stomach. Regurgitation comes out of the oesophagus.

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12
Q

How can you tell between vomit and regurgitation?

A

Vomit usually contains bile, yellow/orange digestive fluid. regurgitant is usually tube shaped and with no bile but possibly mucus

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13
Q

State some clinical signs of feline dysautonomia (4)

A
  • Anorexia
  • diarrhoea/constipation
  • vomiting/regurgitant
  • dyspnea
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14
Q

What are some of the clinical signs of dehydration in cats? (4)

A
  • sunken eyes
  • legarthy
  • depression
  • dry mouth
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15
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

A series of local reflexes causing contraction of intestinal muscle above the intramural stimulus and relaxation of the muscle below or adjacent to it

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16
Q

Are preganglionic sympathetic nerves short or long and what neurotransmitter do they release?

A

Short, ACh

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17
Q

Are postganglionic sympathetic nerves short or long and what neurotransmitter do they release?

A

Long, adrenaline

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18
Q

Are preganglionic parasympathetic nerves short or long and what neurotransmitter do they release?

A

Long, ACh

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19
Q

Are postganglionic parasympathetic nerves short or long and what neurotransmitter do they release?

A

Short, Ach

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20
Q

What level of the spinal cord can you find sympathetic fibres?

A

T1-L2/L3

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21
Q

Where can you find sympathetic nerve cell bodies?

A

Lateral horn of spinal cord

22
Q

Where abouts do the sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

ventral root

23
Q

Where do preganglionic sympathetic nerves synapse with the postganglionic nerves?

A

sympathetic ganglion chain or close to it

24
Q

Why are the sympathetic nerves supplying the adrenal medulla different to others in the body?

A

Preganglionic neurones are long and postgangliuonic neurones are short

25
Q

Which areas can you find parasympathetic nerves?

A

In the brainstem, cranial nerves 3,7,9,10 And the sacral region S1-S2/3

26
Q

Where can parasympathetic ganglia be found?

A

Close to or in target organs

27
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglinic parasympathetic neurones?

A

Lateral horn of spinal cord

28
Q

Where are the sympathetic ganglia found?

A

either side of the spinal cord

29
Q

Name some of the important ANS plexuses (4)

A
  • cardiac plexus
  • pulmonary plexus
  • abdominal plexus
  • renal plexus
30
Q

Which system is faster the SNS or PNS?

A

SNS

31
Q

Which artery does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook around?

A

Right subclavian artery

32
Q

Which artery does the left laryngeal nerve hook around?

A

aortic arch

33
Q

What species does vagal indigestion mainly occur in?

A

Ruminants

34
Q

How is pain transmitted through the ANS from organs in contact with the peritoneum? (6)

A
  • Signals travel from nerves to the sympathetic ganglia
  • through white rams communicans
  • through ventral ramus with spinal nerve
  • through dorsal route ganglion
  • synapse in grey matter
  • ascend to brain
35
Q

How is pain transmitted through the ANS from organs not in contact with the peritoneum?

A

Through the PSNS

36
Q

How is the ANS involved in mechanoception and chemoception? (2)

A
  • Nerves follow the vagus path from the respiratory tract, GI tract, and cardiovascular system.
  • Or follow the sacral PSNS for organs not in contact with the peritoneum
37
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

A swelling in the root of the internal carotid artery

38
Q

What nerve innervates the carotid sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal

39
Q

What nerve innervates the aortic arch?

A

Vagus

40
Q

Which system PNS/SNS follows the general route of arteries and capillaries?

A

SNS

41
Q

Once a sympathetic nerve leaves the ventral root, goes through the white rami communications and enters the sympathetic trunk, what are the three routes it could routes it can take?

A
  • Synapses, grey rami communications, spinal nerve
  • Runs up or down, then synapses, spinal nerve
  • leaves sympathetic trunk without synapsing, to prevertebral or collateral ganglia
42
Q

What are paravertebral ganglia?

A

Autonomic ganglia that lie close to the spinal cord, parallel to the vertebrae, they form the sympathetic trunk

43
Q

State the 4 important paravertebral ganglia

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

44
Q

What are prevertebral ganglia?

A

Sympathetic ganglia that lie between the paravertebral ganglia and the target organs.

45
Q

State the 3 important paravertebral ganglia

A

cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric, coeliac

46
Q

What is the stellate ganglion?

A

A paravertebral ganglia that is formed from the fusion of the last cervical ganglia and the first or first few thoracic

47
Q

What is the autonomic innervation of cranial nerve 3?

A

Iris and ciliary smooth muscle

48
Q

What is the autonomic innervation of cranial nerve 7?

A

Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, nasal glands

49
Q

What is the autonomic innervation of cranial nerve 9?

A

salivary glands

50
Q

What is the autonomic innervation of cranial nerve 10?

A

Thoracic and abdominal viscera, glands and smooth muscle

51
Q

Name some of the parasympathetic ganglia (4)

A
  • pelvic
  • mandibular
  • ciliary
  • proximal and distal vagal

Neuro (15 decks)

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