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Neuro > Behaviour > Flashcards

Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relationship between memory and learning?

A

The amygdala is the main connection between learning and memory, when an emotional event occurs it can be stored with the memory in the amygdala.

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2
Q

What is associative learning?

A

The idea that events and experiences can be linked and reinforced together, and so is brought about by a stimulus

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3
Q

How can associative learning be used in behaviour modification?

A

you can give a dog dog treats for good behaviour, he then associates happiness (treats) with this behaviour (conditioning).

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4
Q

How would you undergo to process of desensitisation?

A

Expose the animal to a low intensity stimulus and slowly increase the intensity.

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5
Q

What other behavioural modification technique can be used in conjunction with desensitisation? and explain what it means

A

Counterconditioning can be used, this is conditioning a bad behaviour into a good one, for example stroking a dog to make it happier if it is being anxious. This can be used during the desensitisation process.

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6
Q

What is the simple or non-associative theory of learning?

A

Learning that is brought about without a stimulus

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7
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for learning?

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

What are the mechanisms behind learning? (4)

A
  • Change in genes associated with plasticity
  • Changes in connections between neurones
  • Changes in dynamics of neuronal groups
  • Behavioural changes
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9
Q

What is imprinting learning? (3)

A
  • phase-sensitive learning
  • that occurs during a sensitive time in the animals life
  • producing long-lasting learning effects
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10
Q

What is social learning? (3)

A
  • Learning from other members of a social groups
  • or learning about group function
  • to improve skills and reduce risk of injury
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11
Q

What is synaptic plasticity?

A

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken in response to increased or decreased stimulation

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12
Q

What is LTP?

A

Long term potentiation is the long lasting enhancement n communication between neutron due to high frequency of stimulation.

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13
Q

What are the treatment options for behavioural issues? (5)

A
  • Drugs
  • Preventitive mesures
  • remove causal factors
  • perceptual modification
  • behavioural modification
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14
Q

What is an infradian rhythm?

A

A rhythm with a period longer than a circadian rhythm, less than one cycle per 28 hours

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15
Q

What is an ultradian rhythm?

A

A rhythm with periods shorter than a circadian rhythm e.g. REM sleep

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16
Q

What is a circadian rhythm?

A

Rhythmical change in behaviour or physiological process

17
Q

Why are biological rhythms important?

A

So an animal can live in harmony with the rhythms of nature such as seasons and days.

18
Q

What is a zeitgber?

A

A stimulus that brings about a rhythm

19
Q

What structures are important in biological rhythms?

A
  • Pineal gland
  • retina
  • suprachiasmatic nucleus in the thalamus
20
Q

What is the role of the retina in biological rhythms?

A

The retina contains melanospin that send signals to the SCN

21
Q

What can be said to be the biological clock of the body?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

22
Q

Where can the pineal gland be found?

A

In the diencephalon dorsal to the tegmentum

23
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland in circadian rhythms?

A

produces melatonin, a hormone involved in sleep-wake cycles

24
Q

What four types of aggression can a farm animal show?

A
  • Fear related
  • resource related
  • redirected
  • organic causes
25
Q

What is the word to describe animals that are born very efficient?

A

Precocial

26
Q

What does altricial mean?

A

It describes animals that are born not very efficient

27
Q

What are the three vectors of behaviour?

A

input vector, status vector, output vector

28
Q

What is the importance of the three vector model of behaviour?

A

It should be considered when trying to modify an animals behaviour

29
Q

What is an ethogram?

A

A complete inventory of the behaviour displaced by a species in a particular environment

30
Q

What are tinberens four levels of behaviour?

A
  • function
  • evolution
  • mechanism
  • development
31
Q

What is motivation?

A

The internal decision making process by which an animal choses to perform a particular behaviour

32
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in behaviour?

A

It is the crossroads between endocrine and behavioural modification. It can process sensory stimuli and internal physiological factors to bring about a behavioural action

33
Q

Name one behavioural action that the hypothalamus is responsible for

A

Feeding

34
Q

Why is the state to state approach of behaviour more credible than the homeostatic model?

A

It recognises that behaviour is not a simple input output mechanism and that many factors play a role in the outcome.

Neuro (15 decks)

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