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Neuro > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of Toxoplasmosis in cats? (5)

A
  • Seizures
  • Circling
  • Paraperisis/quadriperisis
  • Head tilt
  • Behaviour changes
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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of encephalitozoon? (5)

A
  • head tild
  • unsteadiness
  • hindlimb weakness
  • neck spasm
  • urinary incontinence
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3
Q

What species to ecephalitozoon affect?

A

Rabbits

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4
Q

What certain breed of cats are susceptible to toxoplasmosis?

A

Pallas cats

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5
Q

Which previous two virus exposures could make cats more susceptible to toxoplasmosis?

A
  • FIV

- FLV

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6
Q

Around what percent of rabbits in the UK are said to suffer from encephalitozoon?

A

50

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7
Q

How does toxoplasmosis travel in the body?

A

It communicates with immune cells through calcium, ordering them to transport It around the body

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8
Q

How does encephalitozoon travel in the body?

A

It travels through the blood in white blood cells

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9
Q

What are three ways a pathogen can cross the blood brain barrier?

A
  • transcellular
  • Paracellular
  • Intracellular/Trojan horse
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10
Q

What is BSE? (4)

A
  • characterised by an abnormal infectious prion protein
  • present in nervous tissue
  • causes spongy degeneration of the brain
  • Resulting in sever neurological signs
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11
Q

What are some of the clinical signs of BSE? (6)

A
  • Abnormal gain
  • Hypersensitive to stimuli
  • Agression
  • Fast moving back legs
  • Poor proprioception
  • Low milk yield
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12
Q

What are the postmortem tests for BSE?(2)

A
  • Immunohistochemistry of obex or third eyelid sample

- western blot test

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13
Q

How can you tell from a histology slide that a prion is present?

A

Prions form vacuoles in the neurones causing a spongy appearance

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14
Q

What is a TSE?

A

A neurodegenerative disease characterised by an accumulation of the abnormal prion protein in the brain affecting the CNS.

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15
Q

State 4 examples of TSEs

A
  • BSE
  • Scrapie
  • CWD
  • FSE
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16
Q

What TSE is the feline version of BSE?

A

FSE

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of FSE? (6)

A
  • Agression
  • Timidity
  • Hypersensitivity to stimuli
  • ataxia
  • drooling
  • head tremor
18
Q

What are the clinical signs of scrapie? (7)

A
  • Scratching
  • Nibbling
  • Agression
  • Nervousness
  • head tremor
  • Wool loss
  • Awkward stance
19
Q

What is the name of the only known TSE effecting wild animals and what are the clinical signs? (7)

A

CWD

  • Isolation
  • depression
  • difficulty swallowing
  • poor coordination
  • pneumonia
  • Weight loss
20
Q

How is an infectious prion formed?

A

Misfolding of the normal Prp protein

21
Q

How can an animal obtain TSE? (5)

A
  • contaminated feed
  • via the placenta
  • milk
  • superficial abrasions
  • environment (faeces)
22
Q

What are the three proposed routes of TSEs?

A
  • Vagus nerve
  • Splachnic nerve via sympathetic trunk
  • Sympathetic and vagosympathetic trunk
23
Q

Where do TSEs usually reside in the body?

A

In the obex of the brain in the medulla

24
Q

Why are TSEs a problem for public health?

A

They can stay in the ground for up to 3 years and are hard to destroy with chemicals so the risk of spread is high

25
Q

What does aetiology mean?

A

Aetiology is the cause of a disease

26
Q

What does pathenogenesis mean?

A

the mechanism and development of a disease

27
Q

What must a farmer do if he suspects scrapie is present?

A

Notify DEFRA, a vet will visit and if confirmed the animal must be culled, if not they will monitor

28
Q

What sort of pathologies can be seen on neuronal histology slides? (6)

A
  • Demyelination
  • Swollen neurones
  • Viruses
  • swollen astrocytes
  • hypomyelination
  • neuronal vacuolation

Neuro (15 decks)

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