PNF

Question 1

D1 Flexion UE

Answer 1

GH IR, ABD, and extension –> GH ER, ADD, and flexion

Question 2

D1 Flexion LE

Answer 2

Hip IR, ABD, and extension –> Hip ER, ADD and flexion

Question 3

D2 Flexion UE

Answer 3

GH IR, ADD, and extension –> GH ER, ABD, and flexion

Question 4

D2 Flexion LE

Answer 4

Hip ER, ADD, and extension –> Hip IR, ABD, and flexion

Question 5

Agonist Reversals

Answer 5

Slow isotonic shortening contraction through the range followed by eccentric lengthening contraction with the same muscle groups.

Indication: weak postural muscles, inability to eccentrically control body weight during movement transitions

Question 6

Approximation

Answer 6

Joint compression

Indication: stimulate afferent nerve endings and facilitate postural extensors to promote stability

Question 7

Contract - Relax

Answer 7

Isotonic movement in rotation followed by an isometric hold of the range limiting muscles in the antagonist pattern against slowly increasing resistance, then passive motion and active contraction of the agonist pattern

Indication: limited ROM caused by muscle tightness or spasticity

Question 8

Hold - Relax

Answer 8

Isotonic contraction of the agonistic pattern against against slowly increasing resistance, followed by a voluntary relaxation and passive movement into the newly gained range of the agonist pattern.

Indication: limitations in ROM due to muscle tightness, spasm, or pain

Question 9

Repeated Contractions

Answer 9

Repeated isotonic contractions induced by a quick stretches and enhanced by resistance performed through the range or part of the range at a point of weakness

Indications: weakness, incoordination, muscle imbalance, lack of endurance

Question 10

Rhythmic Initiation

Answer 10

Voluntary relaxation followed by passive movement through increasing ROM followed by active-assisted contractions progressing to resisted isotonic contractions.

Indications: spasticity, rigidity, hypertonicity, inability to initiate motion, motor learning deficits, communication deficits

Question 11

Rhythmic Stabilization

Answer 11

Simultaneous isometric contractions of both agonist and antagonist patterns performed without relaxation using careful grading resistance. Co-contraction of opposing muscle groups.

Indications: instability in weight-bearing and holding, poor antigravity control, weakness, ataxia, limited ROM caused by muscle tightness, painful muscle splinting

Question 12

Slow Reversal

Answer 12

Alternating isotonic contractions of agonist then antagonist patterns using careful grading of resistance and optimal facilitation.

Indications: inability to reverse directions, muscle weakness or imbalance, incoordination, lack of endurance