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Conditions: Respiratory > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of pneumonia?

A
  • Inflammation of lung tissue accompanied with swelling and filling up of alveoli with inflammatory cells
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2
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for pneumonia?

A
  • Lung cancer
  • PE
  • Cardiac failure
  • Pulmonary vasculitis (Wegner’s granulomatosis)
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3
Q

How is pneumonia classified?

A
  • Anatomically
  • Aetiologically
  • Microbiologically
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4
Q

What patterns are shown by bronchopneumonia?

A
  • Bilateral basal patchy opacification

- Focal nature of consolidation

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5
Q

What patterns are shown by lobar pneumonia?

A
  • One lobe affected
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6
Q

What can cause aspiration pneumonia?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Oesophageal lesion
  • Neuromuscular disorders (dysphagia)
  • Sedation
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  • Malaise
  • Fever
  • Chest pain (pleuritic)
  • Cough
  • Rusty sputum
  • Dyspnoea
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8
Q

What are the clinical sugns of pneumonia?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Pyrexia
  • Tachypnoea
  • Central cyanosis
  • Dullness on percussion of site
  • Bronchial breath sounds across consolidated areas
  • Inspiratory crackles
  • Reduced expansion when unilateral pneumonia of one side
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9
Q

What causes pneumonia?

A
  • Infection of a microorganism
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10
Q

What investigations should be done for pneumonia?

A
  • Serum biochemistry
  • FBC
  • Throat swab
  • Sputum microscopy and culture
  • ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) /CRP
  • Urinary legionella antigen
  • Pneumoccocal urinary antigen
  • CXR
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11
Q

What is the CURB score?

A
  • Assesses risk of death from pneumonia
  • 0 - 5
  • 5 being highest chance
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12
Q

What treatment is followed for pneumonia of CURB 0 - 1?

A
  • Amoxycillin/clarithromycin/doxycycline
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13
Q

What treatment is followed for a CURB score of 2?

A
  • Amoxycillin/clarithromycin/levofloxacin
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14
Q

What treatment is followed for a CURB score of 3-5?

A
  • Co amoxiclav + clarithromycin/levofloxacin
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15
Q

What classes of antibiotics are used to treat pneumonia?

A
  • Beta lactams

- Macrolides

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16
Q

What clinical treatments should be performed alongside antibiotic treatments?

A
  • Oxygen
  • IV fluids
  • Continuous positive air pressure (CPAP)
  • Intubation if serious risk of death
  • Analgesia
  • Antypyrectics
17
Q

What procedures can be performed to get diagnosis of the microbe involved?

A
  • Bronchoscopy

- Biopsy

18
Q

What are the 4 most common bacterium that cause pneumonia?

A
  • Strep pneumoniae
  • Haemophilius influenzae
  • Chlamydia psittachi
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
19
Q

What are common complications of pneumonia?

A
  • Septicaemia
  • Lung abcess
  • Haemolytic anaemia
  • ARDS
  • Pleurisy
  • Pleural effusion
  • EMPYEMA THORACIS
  • Bronchiectasis
20
Q

What is empyema thoracis?

A
  • Spread of infection into pleura causing severe chest pain and malaise

Conditions: Respiratory (16 decks)

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