Pneumonia Flashcards
What is the definition?
Filling of alveoli with inflammatory cells and fluid
What are the symptoms?
Malaise Fever Chest Pain - pleuritic Cough Purulent sputum Dyspnoea
What are the signs?
Pyrexia Tachypnoea Central cyanosis due to hypoxia Dullness on percussion on affected area (lobe) Bronchial breath sounds Inspiratory crepitations Increased vocal resonance
What are the investigations?
SERUM MICROBIOLOGY AND FBC - elevated white cell count
CXR
BLOOD CULTURES - specific microbial diagnosis
THROAT SWAB
URINARY LEGIONELLA ANTIGEN
SPUTUM MICROSCOPY & CULTURE
What is the CURB 65?
Scoring system for severity Confusion Blood urea > 7 Respiratory rate > 30 Diastolic BP
What does a CURB 65 of 0 mean?
Low risk, can be treated in community
What does a score of 1-2 mean?
Hospital treatment usually required
What does a score of 3-5 mean?
High risk and need for ITU
What is the treatment for score of 0-1?
Amoxicillin or clarithomycin and doxycycline
What is the treatment for score of 2?
Amoxicillin and clarithomycin or levofloxacin
What is the treatment for a score of 3-5?
Co-amoxiclav and clarithomycin or levofloxacin
What else is used in treatment?
Oxygen
IV fluids
CPAP
Intubation and ventilation
What are the possible complications?
Septicaemia Acute kidney injury Lung abscess Empyema Haemolytic anaemia ARDS
What are the different classifications?
Anatomical
Aetiological
Microbiological
What are the different types of aetiological?
Community acquired Hospital acquired Pneumonia in the immunocompromised Aspiration pneumonia Recurrent pneumonia Atypical pneumonia
