Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema

Question 1

What are the aetiologies?

Answer 1

Smoking
Atmospheric pollution
Occupation
Alpha-1-antiprotease deficiency

Question 2

What is the definition of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 2

Cough productive of sputum for most days for 3 consecutive months for 2 or more consecutive years

Question 3

What are the morphological changes in chronic bronchitis?

Answer 3

LARGE AIRWAYS - goblet cell hyperplasia, mucous gland hyperplasia, inflammation and fibrosis is a minor component
SMALL AIRWAYS - goblet cells appear, inflammation and fibrosis in long standing disease

Question 4

What is the definition of emphysema?

Answer 4

Increase beyond normal size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole arising from dilation or destruction of walls and without obvious fibrosis

Question 5

What is panacinar emphysema?

Answer 5

Alpha-1-antiprotease deficiency

Bad smokers will have as well as centracinar

Question 6

What is centracinar emphysema?

Answer 6

Most common, associated with smoking
Loss of alveolar tissue of acinar
Apical parts of lung

Question 7

What is periacinar?

Answer 7

Genetic predisposition
Bulla are air spaces greater than 1cm
Hyperinflation allows too many ribs to be seen on X-Ray
Peripheral bulls holes can be seen on lungs