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College history > PLS unit one e > Flashcards

PLS unit one e Flashcards

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1
Q

Politics

A

the process of picking government officals who make decisions about public policy

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2
Q

civic life

A

participation in the community. Also includes institutions of the government

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3
Q

government

A

the body or bodies charged with making decisions

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4
Q

civil society

A

consists of different things that communities do to bring them together (recycling on campus)

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5
Q

social capital

A

things that are done to create trust between people in a society

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6
Q

representative democracy

A

What the United States does to elect president (have representatives from each state)

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7
Q

ruling elite theory

A

the argument that the wealthy have more say in the government than those who are not

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8
Q

pluralism

A

people with common beliefs get into the same group to try and establish dominance in the government but it rarely works out long term

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9
Q

biased plurallism

A

the wealthy play a larger role in determining the policies than normal citizens

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10
Q

direct initiatives

A

allows citizens to put certain laws directly on the ballet for voter approval

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11
Q

Indirect initiatives

A

citizens put their laws on a ballet and they have to go through legislature before it is sent on for the voters to vote on

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12
Q

popular referendum

A

this allows citizens to act upon laws that legislative has already decided on

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13
Q

legislative referendum

A

ballot measure that tries to gain voter approval for some legislative acts

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14
Q

recall

A

this is where citizens can remove and replace a public official before the end of their term

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15
Q

idelolgies

A

beliefs about how governments should operate

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16
Q

liberal democracy

A

ideology stressing individual rights and expressing faith in popular control of government. ideology that guided the American experience

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17
Q

political participation

A

Taking part in activities aimed at influencing the policies or leadership of government

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18
Q

social class

A

ones wealth, income, education all contribute to it

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19
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Called for periodic citizen uprisings to reinvigorate the spirit of democracy

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20
Q

Locke (why there is government)

A

said that people didn’t need government in the past because the resources were plenty

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21
Q

Locke’s Treatise of Government

A

says that people place themselves under control of government because of the mutual advantages that the government offers citizens

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22
Q

political participation

A

taking part in activities that are aimed at influencing policies or leadership of government

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23
Q

electoral majorities

A

who is elected to office, laws, how laws are administered

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24
Q

First time America looked at having a government?

A

When Britain and the colonies were not getting along

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25
Q

House of Burgess

A

America’s first legislative government. consisted of 7 people and started in 1619. Continued to stand even when parliment took over the colonies in 1624

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26
Q

First Continental congress

A

Delegates of all 13 colonies (except Georgia) met in Philly to discuss the issues with parliament. urged boycott of British products

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27
Q

Second continental congress

A

met in 1775 and was used to discuss the colonial army and the upcoming war brewing with Britain

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28
Q

sovereign

A

recognized by the articles of confederation as this. (Also means independent)

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29
Q

three main economic concerns at the begininng of the colonies becoming a nation

A
  1. ) No common currency
  2. ) lack of control of inerstate commerce
  3. ) No way to collect federal taxes
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30
Q

Regulators

A

small farmers who roamed Massachusetts demanding that the tax impose be change…this led to Shay’s rebellion

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31
Q

Virginia Plan

A

A two house legislature created by Edmund Randloph and James Madison which benefited the larger states

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32
Q

bicameral

A

meaning two house

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33
Q

unicameral

A

a single body legislature

34
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

presented by WIlliam Paterson which benefited the smaller states more

35
Q

The Great Compromise

A

the bill that said that votes will depend on the population of a state. (representative government)

36
Q

Why did New York agree to ratify the constitution?

A

Alexander Hamilton saying the could be succeeding if they did not sign

37
Q

How many articles are in the Constitution

A

7

38
Q

Who was the declaration of independence written to protect the rights of?

A

property owning men

39
Q

Barrons vs Baltimore

A

this caused the bill of rights to be applied to only the national government

40
Q

Why did the puritans come to America

A

impatience with the church of England attempt to reform, and the religious persecution in England and Europe

41
Q

American democratic system is protected by which constitutional principles?

A

federalism, checks and balances, separation of power

42
Q

No. 51 by James Madison

A

government needs to control the governed and then obligated to control itself

43
Q

Who was the governor of New York who opposed ratifying the constitution?

A

George Clinton

44
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

first document for self-governance for the puritans

45
Q

Why did the Federalists write “The federalists?”

A

In support of the constitution

46
Q

What kind of democracy did the U.S Constitution want to create??

A

liberal democarcy

47
Q

British trade policies

A

these were designed to force Colonists to pay for expensive finished goods and provide cheap raw materials for British Merchants

48
Q

Why was the Bill of Rights initially made?

A

To protect citizens from the actions of the government

49
Q

confederacy

A

system of government created by the Articles of Confederation, it allowed states to retain independence

50
Q

Who wrote the federalist?

A

Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

51
Q

factions

A

were likely to put their own interests ahead of the best interest for the nation

52
Q

Philadelphia Convention (purpose)

A

to revise the articles of confederation

53
Q

Article 2

A

Establishes the executive branch.

54
Q

two ways that an amendment can be proposed to the US Constitution?

A

approval by two thirds vote of each house of congress and through a national convention requested by the states

55
Q

concurrent powers

A

shared by state and national government

56
Q

progressive movement

A

gave increased power to the federal power

57
Q

Reagen fought for state authority in which three areas?

A

commerce, drinking age, traffic safety

58
Q

nullification

A

said that states could consider national acts unenforceable within that states borders

59
Q

devolution

A

returned power to state and local governments

60
Q

service learning programs

A

agencies that help connect volunteers with organizations in need of help

61
Q

elastic clause

A

Provision of Article I of the constitution authorizing congress to make those laws necessary and proper for carrying out other laws it passes. (Maryland vs McCullach)

62
Q

supremacy clause

A

Provision of Article Vi stipulating that the federal government, in exercising any of the power enumerated in the Constitution must prevail over any conflicting or inconsistent state exercise of power (the federal law overpowers the state law)

63
Q

Federalists

A

supporters of the constitution and its strong central government

64
Q

Antifederalists

A

Opponents of the ratification of the constitution

65
Q

judicial review

A

Power of the court to review the acts of other political institutions and declare them unconstitutional

66
Q

federalism

A

Power-sharing between the national and state governments in which some powers are granted to the national government alone, and some powers are reserved to the states

67
Q

enumerated powers

A

Powers specifically allocated to the national government alone by the Constitution

68
Q

Reserved powers

A

Powers constitutionally allocated to the states

69
Q

Police powers

A

Authority states utilize to protect the health and welfare of their residents

70
Q

concurrent powers

A

Powers shared by both state and national governments

71
Q

prohibited powers

A

Powers denied by one or both levels of government

72
Q

nullification

A

Doctrine that asserted the right of states to disregard federal actions with which they disagreed

73
Q

dual federalism

A

Approach to federal-state relationships that envisions each level of government as distinct and authoritative within its own sphere of action

74
Q

creative federalism

A

Federal-state relationship that sought to involve local populations and cities directly in addressing urban problems during the 1960s and 1970s

75
Q

revenue sharing

A

A grant program begun in 1972 and ended in 1987 that funneled money directly to states and local governments on the basis of population and which were in need

76
Q

devolution

A

A movement that gained momentum in the 1980s to grant states greater authority over the local operation of federal programs and local use of federal funds

77
Q

categorical grants

A

Federal programs that provide funds for specific programs such as floor assistance

78
Q

federal mandates

A

Federal requirements imposed on state and local governments, often a condition for receiving grants

79
Q

unfunded mandates

A

Requirements imposed on state and local governments for which the federal governments provides no funds for compliance

80
Q

intergovernmental lobbies

A

Professional advocacy groups representing various state and local governing bodies

81
Q

full faith and credit

A

constitutional provision requirng each state to recognize legal transactions authorized in other states

82
Q

policy diffusion

A

The spread of policy innovation across jurisdictions

College history (28 decks)

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