Final exam history Flashcards
John Winthrop
had the idea of a city on the hill. Was elected to serve as governor (after he was a lawyer) by the Massachusetts Bay Company
Pilgrims (Separatists)
These are the people who separated from King James and the church of England to come to America
John Rolfe
married Pocahontas and created a tobacco society in Virginia
House of Burgesses
This was the government that went into effect after the 1622 attack on the English Settlers. Virginia was made into a royal colony. This meant that a king or queen would rule the colony and people needed to respect that monarchy
middle passage
the crossing of the Atlantic by slave ships traveling from West Africa to Americas..slaves were crowed together in tight spaces
The Enlightenment
The enlightenment was led by Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson who both seeked to have an open mind and understand nature and ways to improve society. These people thought that science and reason could help disclose God’s laws in natural order. Overall, it just helped change the worlds thinking.
The Great Awakening
George Winfield (came from England) and Johnathan Edwards were both preachers who led this movement. Religion was becoming less and less of a thing and they went around preaching about the importance of it
Ben Franklin
Was a main part of the enlightenment. Also a part of the Albany Plan which wanted to colonial government to have power over the 7 colonies; they wanted them to be unified, but those plans fell through.
Seven Years War
this was a war between Britain and france that ended with Britain’s domination of North America. In the end, this also led to the American Revolution. The results of this war turned out to be that America started becoming suspicious toward Britain, and also Britain had a huge national debt under William Pitt after they finally won the war
Stamp Act
This was enforced by Britain to the colonists that all colonists had to pay tax on their paper. Parliament thought that they could do this because they believed in virtual representation, but the colonists were not happy about it
Sons of Liberty
These people gathered in towns and did very harsh things to the distributors to make them take sides with them on the issue of the stamp act
Intolerable acts
This was punishment to Boston for what happened at with the dumping out of the tea earlier. Lord North of Britain enforced these four rules very strictly
Samuel Adams
Involved in the first continental congress. Did not want parliamentary to have any control over the colonies
Patrick Henry
Was in charge of the resolutions to the stamp act. (known as the Virginia Resolves) Also led the House of Burgess
Lexington and Concord
After the Boycotting continued, British soldiers marched across the Charles River, when the British soldiers got to Lexington, they were met by 70 colonists who were armed, The British then fired and the war was on. As the British returned to Boston, The Americans ambushed them, killing 273 on the British side and 95 on the colonists side.
Thomas Jefferson
was in charge (as well as James Madison) for ceding Virginia’s land claim in 1781, which led to the Articles of Confederation being approved
George Washington
Was sent during the 7 years war to go tell the Indians in Ohio that they needed to get off of our land. This land was claimed around the same time and it led to 14 Frenchmen being shot and zero Colonists. Also commander in chief of the first colonial army
Articles of Confederation
This was the document worked on for seven years, existing to foster a common defense. A major issue in getting all 13 states aboard was the fact that Delaware and Maryland wanted the Western Lands to be a part of the states, they offered many resources and great land.
Northwest Ordinance
Land act of 1787 that established a three stage process by which settled territories would become states. It also banned slavery in the Northwest territory. The ordinance guaranteed that western lands with white population would not become colonial dependencies.
James Madison
presented the Virginia plan
Missouri Compromise
1820 congressional compromise engineered by Henry Clay that paired Missouri’s entrance into the Union as a slave state with Maine’s as a free state. It established Missouri’s southern border as the permanent line dividing slave from free states
Federalists
Originally the term for the supporters of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787-1788. In the 1790s, it became the name for one of the two dominant political groups that emerged during that decade. Federalist leaders of the 1790s supported Britain in foreign policy and commercial interests at home. Prominent Federalists included George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and John Adams
Anti-Federalists
Opponents of the ratification of the Constitution. These people feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens. They also complained that the constitution failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Alexander Hamilton
He was a federalist.
John Adams
Federalist
Louisiana Purchase
France sold Louisiana to the United States for 15 million. They needed money for their upcoming war against Britain..It opened the way for America to expand.
Lewis and Clark
1804-1806 expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that explored the trans-Mississippi West for the U.S government. The expedition’s mission was scientific, political, and geographic. They made good relations with several Indians as well.
War of 1812
War between Great Britain and United States. It happened because the US wanted Florida and Canada from great Britain. Also, the war hawks were the reason we went to war. (leaders were Calhoun and Henry Clay)Another reason to go to war was to stop impressment which was Britain taking our U.S. ships and using capturing the guys to use in the war.
Era of good feeling
very closely associated with James Monroe’s presidency..the federalist and antifederalist parties came together
John Quincy Adams
During his presidency he called for canals, roads, and harbors. He also built a university In Washington and government sponsored scientific research. Many people feared he was too much like Hamilton in the way that he used federal power to advance commercial interest.
Eli Whitney
A yale graduate who devised a machine called gin that easily separated out seeds. This allowed cotton production to soar
American system of manufacturing
the practice of manufacturing and assembling parts in a quick time period. This allowed American manufacturers to hire cheap and unskilled workers.
Clay’s American system
promoted new American system. This was a package of protective tariffs to encourage manufacturing and federal expenditures for internal improvements such as roads and canals.
2nd great awakening (1800-1820)
3 major changes that needed to take place in the United States. These three things were nonmarital sex, alcohol abuse, and slavery. Church membership doubled and Charles Gandison Finney become a central leader in this awakening
Andrew Jackson
During Jackson’s presidency, he tried to eliminate spending on roads, and move the country even further west. Jackson believed that all Indians should move west of the Mississippi. He then presented the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
John Calhoun
Presented Nullification. This stated that states could overrule congress on a tariff if they thought of it as invalid
Nullification
This said that states had the right to overpower a rule made by the congress if they did not agree with it. Thought of by John Calhoun
Martin Van Buren
Calhoun was his opponent who was making it hard on him. Martin Van Buren was pro slavery. Promised the south they would keep their slaves if he became president
