B History chapter 2

Question 1

Black Death

Answer 1

Killed about 1/3 of Europe in the mid-fourteenth century. Increased supply in food for the survivors

Question 2

Reconquest

Answer 2

Spain and Portugals centuries-long drive to expel the Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula

Question 3

Tainos

Answer 3

The Indians who inhabited San Salvador (and other islands) who were the first people Columbus encountered after finding the New World

Question 4

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 4

The treaty negotiated in 1494 to delineate land claims in the New World. drew imaginary line west of the line that belonged to spain, and east belonged to Portugal

Question 5

Columbian exchange

Answer 5

The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas that began when Columbus arrived in the Caribbean. The Spainards also brought diseases to the people of the new world.

Question 6

conquistadors

Answer 6

refers to the Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered lands in the New World. i.e. (Cortes people)

Question 7

Incan empire

Answer 7

Pizarro conquered Empire. Was along the western part of South America (Peru) Pizarro captured Empire (Atahualpa)

Question 8

Acoma pueblo revolt

Answer 8

Revolt against the Spaniards by Indians living in Acoma pueblo in 1599. Juan Onate for Spain violently stopped their revolt, but the Indians attacked again which made the Spaniards go back to Mexico

Question 9

New Spain

Answer 9

Land in the New World held by the Spanish crown. Spain would use New World colonies to strengthen the kingdom of Europe.

Question 10

encomienda

Answer 10

A system for governing used during the Reconquest and in New Spain. It allowed the Spanish owner of a town to collect tribute from the town in return for providing law and order (encouraging his Indians to convert to Christianity)

Question 11

creoles

Answer 11

Children born to Spanish parents in the New World

Question 12

Protestant Reformtion

Answer 12

Martin Luther bashes on the Roman Catholic Church, which precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics

Question 13

11th-13th Crusades

Answer 13

1. Exposed trade goods from India and China
2. Old knowledge from Greece and Rome. new knowledge (Arabic numbers)
3. Desire for water route to the east

Question 14

Potugal-(Prince Henry)

Answer 14

Tries to get around Africa. Took 75 years but Vacodagama rounded Africa

Question 15

Portuguese claimed Atlantic Islands. What did they grow?

Answer 15

Grew sugar, imported slaves from African Slave Coast to grow the sugar.

Question 16

Portuguese Sugar and their slaves

Answer 16

Slaves were treated as property. They were life-long inherited status. Always African

Question 17

Christopher Columbus

Answer 17

Wanted to prove that you could get east by going west. Funded by Isabelle and Fernand. (of Spain) Landed on San Salvador. Finding of San Salvador lead to Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 18

Cortes

Answer 18

Conquered Mexico. (Not a good man) Took Mexican King (Montezuma) hostage and held him in Tenotichilian before escaping to Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala and Cortes teamed up and took out the rest of Mexico. A huge reason that the Mexicans were defeated is because of the diseases brought over. (A huge reason to successes was because of his translator (Malinali))

Question 19

Renaissance (14th-16th Century)

Answer 19

Trade w/ Asia led to wealth. Kings sought Power and wealth. Middle class grew, money economy expanded, water route to Asia sought, New Technology Aided Explorers

Question 20

Martin Luther and Protestant Reformation

Answer 20

Luther criticized Catholic Church. (1517) Calvinism: was strict to god’s law and scripture. Church of England founded by Henry the 8th.

Question 21

Spanish money efforts

Answer 21

They spent New World wealth on Army and navy. Taxed poor and middle class.

Question 22

Mestizos

Answer 22

the offspring of Spanish Men and an Indian woman. Most were lumped with the Indians, and forced to do work.

Question 23

Magellan’s Voyage

Answer 23

Spain sent Magellan to the new world. Overall the trip sucked because only 18 of 250 people made it back. But they did find the Pacific between North America and Asia

Question 24

Pizzarro

Answer 24

he was a Spanish Conquistador who captured the Incan empire in Peru and conquered it after killing the emperor (Atahualpa)

Question 25

Who was the Incan emperor before Pizzaro Conquered Mexican emperor?

Answer 25

Incan: Atahualpa
Mexican: Montezuma

Question 26

Spanish Colonial Model

Answer 26

By 1560 most Indian Civilizations had been captured by the Spaniards and the Indians would have to work for the Spaniards. The Indians started dying because of disease which forced the Spanish to try and import slaves from Africa, however, because of the price of the slaves many had to deal with the dwindling population of the Indians.

Question 27

Prince Henry The navigator (Of Portugal)

Answer 27

Wanted to find new Mediterranean sea travel route. In 1488 Vasco De Gamo founded India and a new travel route. Prince Henry was also a part of the Atlantic Islands findings where they grew Sugar and introduced Chattel Slavery.