B History chapter 2 Flashcards
Black Death
Killed about 1/3 of Europe in the mid-fourteenth century. Increased supply in food for the survivors
Reconquest
Spain and Portugals centuries-long drive to expel the Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula
Tainos
The Indians who inhabited San Salvador (and other islands) who were the first people Columbus encountered after finding the New World
Treaty of Tordesillas
The treaty negotiated in 1494 to delineate land claims in the New World. drew imaginary line west of the line that belonged to spain, and east belonged to Portugal
Columbian exchange
The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas that began when Columbus arrived in the Caribbean. The Spainards also brought diseases to the people of the new world.
conquistadors
refers to the Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered lands in the New World. i.e. (Cortes people)
Incan empire
Pizarro conquered Empire. Was along the western part of South America (Peru) Pizarro captured Empire (Atahualpa)
Acoma pueblo revolt
Revolt against the Spaniards by Indians living in Acoma pueblo in 1599. Juan Onate for Spain violently stopped their revolt, but the Indians attacked again which made the Spaniards go back to Mexico
New Spain
Land in the New World held by the Spanish crown. Spain would use New World colonies to strengthen the kingdom of Europe.
encomienda
A system for governing used during the Reconquest and in New Spain. It allowed the Spanish owner of a town to collect tribute from the town in return for providing law and order (encouraging his Indians to convert to Christianity)
creoles
Children born to Spanish parents in the New World
Protestant Reformtion
Martin Luther bashes on the Roman Catholic Church, which precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics
11th-13th Crusades
- Exposed trade goods from India and China
- Old knowledge from Greece and Rome. new knowledge (Arabic numbers)
- Desire for water route to the east
Potugal-(Prince Henry)
Tries to get around Africa. Took 75 years but Vacodagama rounded Africa
Portuguese claimed Atlantic Islands. What did they grow?
Grew sugar, imported slaves from African Slave Coast to grow the sugar.
Portuguese Sugar and their slaves
Slaves were treated as property. They were life-long inherited status. Always African
Christopher Columbus
Wanted to prove that you could get east by going west. Funded by Isabelle and Fernand. (of Spain) Landed on San Salvador. Finding of San Salvador lead to Treaty of Tordesillas
Cortes
Conquered Mexico. (Not a good man) Took Mexican King (Montezuma) hostage and held him in Tenotichilian before escaping to Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala and Cortes teamed up and took out the rest of Mexico. A huge reason that the Mexicans were defeated is because of the diseases brought over. (A huge reason to successes was because of his translator (Malinali))
Renaissance (14th-16th Century)
Trade w/ Asia led to wealth. Kings sought Power and wealth. Middle class grew, money economy expanded, water route to Asia sought, New Technology Aided Explorers
Martin Luther and Protestant Reformation
Luther criticized Catholic Church. (1517) Calvinism: was strict to god’s law and scripture. Church of England founded by Henry the 8th.
Spanish money efforts
They spent New World wealth on Army and navy. Taxed poor and middle class.
Mestizos
the offspring of Spanish Men and an Indian woman. Most were lumped with the Indians, and forced to do work.
Magellan’s Voyage
Spain sent Magellan to the new world. Overall the trip sucked because only 18 of 250 people made it back. But they did find the Pacific between North America and Asia
Pizzarro
he was a Spanish Conquistador who captured the Incan empire in Peru and conquered it after killing the emperor (Atahualpa)
Who was the Incan emperor before Pizzaro Conquered Mexican emperor?
Incan: Atahualpa
Mexican: Montezuma
Spanish Colonial Model
By 1560 most Indian Civilizations had been captured by the Spaniards and the Indians would have to work for the Spaniards. The Indians started dying because of disease which forced the Spanish to try and import slaves from Africa, however, because of the price of the slaves many had to deal with the dwindling population of the Indians.
Prince Henry The navigator (Of Portugal)
Wanted to find new Mediterranean sea travel route. In 1488 Vasco De Gamo founded India and a new travel route. Prince Henry was also a part of the Atlantic Islands findings where they grew Sugar and introduced Chattel Slavery.
